United kingdom
London
London is the capital of the United Kingdom and its largest city by far, with a population of about 7.2 million. People have settled here for thousands of years, but the city of London began with the Roman city of Londinium. |
| London |
The british empire
Throughout the 1800s London was the world’s biggest city, with a million people, and the hub of the world’s largest empire, the British Empire.Ancient cities of London
London is based on two ancient cities:The city of London
The City of London, which developed from the Roman and Saxon towns, and Westminster, which developed around the palaces of English kings around 1000 years ago. 500,000 factory workers, but most people work in services, such as publishing and other media. London is one of the worlds major finance centres. Eight million tourists visit London each year.Mountain range of Europe
Much of southern Europe has piled up into young mountain ranges, as Africa drifts north. The highest point in Europe is Mt Elbrus in the Russian Caucasus, 5642 m high.Northwest Europe was once joined to Canada. The ancient Caledonian mountains of eastern Canada, Greenland, Scandinavia and Scotland were formed together as a single mountain chain 360-540 million years ago.The Alps are Europe’s largest mountain range, 1050 km long, up to 250 km wide and covering 210,000 sq km.
Highest alpine (Mountaine) peak
The highest Alpine(mountain) peak is Mont Blanc (4807 m) on the France-Italy border. Famous peaks include the Matterhorn (4634 m) and Monte Rosa (4807 m) on the Swiss-Italian border. The Alps began to form about 65 million years ago when the African crustal plate shifted into Europe. |
| Alps of Europe |
The Alps are the source of many of Europe’s major rivers such as the Rhone, Po and Danube. Warm, dry winds called fdhns blow down leeward slopes, melting snow and starting avalanches. The high Alpine pastures are famous for their summer grazing for dairy cows. In winter, the cows come down into the valleys. This is called transhumance.
The Alps are being worn away by human activity. In valleys, cities and factories are growing, while skiing wears away the slopes at the tops of the mountains. The Alps have Europe’s highest vineyards, 1500 m up.
Weather of Europe
Europe is a small continent but its peninsulas warm summers and mild winters. Europe is often wet and windy. Wind blows here on mild rate.It has very mild winters because it is bathed by the warm North Atlantic Drift . The Russian islands of Novaya Zimlya are far into the Arctic Circle and are icebound in winter.Largest lake in Europe
The largest lake is Ladoga iussia, 18,389 sq km. Europe is the smallest continent, with an area of just 10,400,000 sq km. For its size Europe has an immensely long coastline.Glaciated mountains in Europe
In the north are the ancient glaciated mountains of Scandinavia and Scotland, which were once much, much higher.Population of Europe
About 730 million people live in Europe - about 12 percent of the world’s population. Europe is one of the most densely populated continents averaging 70 people per square kilometre. Most Europeans are descended from tribes who migrated into Europe more than 1500 years ago. Most British people are descended from a mix of Celts, Angles, Saxons, Danes and others.Most French people are descended from Gauls and Franks. Most Eastern Europeans are Slavic. North Europeans such as Scandinavians often have fair skin and blonde hair. South Europeans such as Italians often have olive skin and dark hair. Most European countries have a mix of people from all parts of the world, including former European colonies in Africa and Asia.
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