Logical description and physical description of system

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <h2 style="text-align: left;"> Logical description and physical description of system</h2> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjyzncTEqg2ZmoCU2R1VfvL9SIRxW0exZzQblO-h0mf0-Yt7gnlB6kXy32t8aVnM26kh5WS5bXxbHuQEaKn3vbjD8pmTU_aWUOFE17V7iAQL4gmiDP8qYgJYZTIjIp95APQVYBwzpf-5rk/s1600/image.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1196" data-original-width="1600" height="239" loading="lazy" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjyzncTEqg2ZmoCU2R1VfvL9SIRxW0exZzQblO-h0mf0-Yt7gnlB6kXy32t8aVnM26kh5WS5bXxbHuQEaKn3vbjD8pmTU_aWUOFE17V7iAQL4gmiDP8qYgJYZTIjIp95APQVYBwzpf-5rk/s320-rw/image.jpg" width="320" /></a></div> <span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span> <span style="font-size: large;">The system model must address both the logical and physical dimentions of the proposed system.for example,suppose the system developers are considering the type of  information inputs a mortgage loan manager needs during his or her dealings with a loan client. An input specification such as "Credit report* conveys a logical description of information that must be obtained. If bank policy will accept "written, oral, and electronically generated credit reports," then we have a <i><b>physical description </b></i>of the input. As Figure  indicates, the<i><b> logical description</b></i> of the design element is usually specified first; then, the physical description.</span><br /> <span style="font-size: large;">The level of detail required in the design specification often depends on the application. In the credit report example, the design specification might include the identity of the loan applicant, the applicant's address and phone number, credit references, assets and liabilities, salary, and so forth. The system developers must be careful not to over specify or under specify the design. Under specification may result in the design's ultimate failure. The ideas in the design may be sketchy, giving people the wrong impression of the system—or they may be underdeveloped and just not workable. Over specification (excessive detail), on the other hand, may result in a costly waste of time. Also, over speciticatioacan cause intimidation or information overload when users review the project team's design work.</span><br /> <span style="font-size: large;">The system components shown on the left side of Figure  are also usually considered in the order given. For example, outputs are considered  first because nothing makes much sense until the developers know what the system is supposed to produce. The nature and quality of the outputs desired by users determines What inputs, are needed, what types, of hardware and software are re- and so on. Similarly, storage needs cannot be fully determined until output, input and processing requirements are established. If, for instance, users want an image-processing system, then appropriate scanning, optical storage, and laser printing equipment are needed. Also, personnel needs are difficult to estimate until every other requirement is specified and the develop-</span><br /> <span style="font-size: large;">»can see how mu ch work will be involved.</span><br /> <span style="font-size: large;">The numbers 1 -12 in the middle part of Figure indicate the overall order in which design elements should usually be considered. Note that all of It logical system design elements are considered first; then, the physical design elements.   </span><br /> <span style="font-size: large;">finally, you may wonder how software and hardware fit into all of this. Specific types of software and hardware are generally physical design matters ' that cut across all areas in Figure .</span><br /> <span style="font-size: large;"> An application software package, for example, will often include output, input, processing, or storage features. For in- stance, a database? management system allows users to design reports (output), prepare template s (input), and create different views of the database (processing).</span><br /> <span style="font-size: large;">It may also contain utilities that allow computer professionals to place data efficiently onto disks (storage). Hardware, however, is normally acquired for a single function; for instance, a printer for output, a keyboard for input, or a computer for processing. Some devices, such as display terminals, perform two more functions (such as display terminals that are used for both output and input). Procedures and personnel are required to operate the software and Hardware.</span><br /> <br /></div>

Logical description and physical description of system

Logical description and physical description of system The system model must address both the logical and physical dimentions of the p...

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solved assighnments-Course-Management Information System (3461) Semester- Autumn 2018

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">    </span></div> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">Course: Management Information System (3461)</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">    </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">Semester: Autumn, 2018</span></div> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">Level: BS (CS)</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">    </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">Total Marks: 100 aiou</span></div> <br /> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.999999999999998pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">ASSIGNMENT No.1</span></div> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">(Unit 1 – 4)</span></div> <br /> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">Note:</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">  </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">All questions are compulsory. Each question carries equal marks. </span></div> <br /> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: -36pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36pt;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">Q.1</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">    </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">a)</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">    </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">Briefly explain the concepts of Management, Information, and System.  </span></div> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 0pt 54pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -54pt;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">    </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">b)</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">    </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">What do you mean by “MIS”? Explain it in detail with the help of suitable </span></div> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 0pt 54pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -54pt;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">examples.</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">    </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">(20)</span></div> <br /> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: -36pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36pt;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">Q.2</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">    Q:2 </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">What is management? Explain the different levels and<a href="https://educational-wealth.blogspot.com/2019/01/mis-subsystems-management-information.html" target="_blank"> subsystems of MIS</a>.</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">    </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">(20)</span></div> <br /> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 0pt 27pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -27pt;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">Q.3</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">    </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">What is the difference between a<a href="https://educational-wealth.blogspot.com/2019/02/logical-description-and-physical.html" target="_blank"> logical and physical description of a system</a>?</span></div> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 0pt 27pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -27pt;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;"> Provide an example of a system and describe it both logically and physically.</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">    </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">(20)</span></div> <br /> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 0pt 54pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -54pt;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">Q.4</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">    </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">a)</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">    </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">What is an organization? Discuss some important dimensions that organization</span></div> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 0pt 54pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -54pt;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;"> theorists consider to classify organizations.</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">    </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">(20)</span></div> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 0pt 54pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -54pt;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">    </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">b)</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">    </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">Identify several types of organizational structures and explain how these affect MIS </span></div> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 0pt 54pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -54pt;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">design and development?</span></div> <br /> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">Q.5</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">    </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">Write short notes on the following topics:</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">    </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">(20)</span></div> <ul style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Noto Sans Symbols'; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; margin-left: 9pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">Organizational Culture and Power </span></div> </li> <li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Noto Sans Symbols'; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; margin-left: 9pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">MIS Basic Structure </span></div> </li> </ul> <br /> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;"> </span></div> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.999999999999998pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">ASSIGNMENT No.2</span></div> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;"> (</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">Unit 5 – 8)</span></div> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">    </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">    </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">    </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">Total Marks: 100</span></div> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">    </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">    </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">    </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">Pass Marks: 50</span></div> <br /> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">Note:</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">  </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">All questions are compulsory. Each question carries equal marks</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">. </span></div> <br /> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: -36pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36pt;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">Q.1</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">    </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">a)</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">    </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">Write a short note on “Office Automation System”.</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">    </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">(20)</span></div> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 0pt 54pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -54pt;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">    </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">b)</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">    </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">What is a transaction? Provide suitable examples of different types of</span></div> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 0pt 54pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -54pt;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;"> organizational transactions. </span></div> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">Q.2</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">    </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">a)</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">    </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">What are the differences between transaction processing systems and decision </span><br /> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">support systems?</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">    </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">(20)</span><br /> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 0pt 54pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -54pt;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">    </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">b)</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">    </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">What are the characteristics of each of the steps in transaction processing cycle?</span></div> <br /> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 0pt 27pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -27pt;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">Q.3</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">    </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">What is a decision support system? What are the primary components of a decision </span></div> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 0pt 27pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -27pt;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">support system? Explain it in detail with the help of suitable examples.</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">    </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">(20)</span></div> <br /> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 0pt 27pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -27pt;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">Q.4</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">    </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">a)</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">    </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">What are the typical activities of work groups and desktop organizers?</span></div> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 0pt 54pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -54pt;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">    </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">b)</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">    </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">What are the major characteristics of word-processing packages in the market </span></div> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 0pt 54pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -54pt;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">today?</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">    </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">(20)</span></div> <br /> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">Q.5</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">    </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">Write short notes on the following topics:</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">    </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">(20)</span></div> <ul style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Noto Sans Symbols'; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; margin-left: 9pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">IRM Introduction </span></div> </li> <li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Noto Sans Symbols'; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; margin-left: 9pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">Personal Information Management System</span></div> </li> </ul> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /></div>

solved assighnments-Course-Management Information System (3461) Semester- Autumn 2018

    Course: Management Information System (3461)     Semester: Autumn, 2018 Level: BS (CS)     Total Marks: 100 ...

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MIS Subsystems-Management information systems

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <h2 style="text-align: left;"> <span style="color: blue; font-size: small;">MIS Subsystems    </span></h2> <span style="font-size: small;">In order to implement this definition, we can think of the MIS effort in an organization as composed of the following four subsystems </span><br /> <h3 style="text-align: left;"> <span style="color: red; font-size: small;">Transaction processing systems</span><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></h3> <span style="font-size: small;">A firm's transaction processing systems  (TPS) comprise the routine, day-to-day accounting operations that have been an important part of most firms' computer processing since the early 1950s. These "paperwork processing" operations many of which provide linkages among the customer, organization, warehouse, and factory in accounts receivable, accounts payable, inventory control, and many other operations. Activities comprising the transaction processing function, and the relationship of these activities to each other.</span><br /> <h3 style="text-align: left;"> <span style="font-size: small;"> <span style="color: red;"> Management reporting systems</span></span></h3> <span style="font-size: small;"> A management reporting system (MRS) may generates the preplanned printed reports that began to evolve in the 1960s terns for decision-making purposes. As mentioned earlier, reports produced    These through an MRS are commonly by-products of the extensive and detailed rest databases assembled by transaction processing systems. Typically, the facts contained in these reports consist of routine summary and exception information about organizational operations. Another term that has been used the i quite commonly for this type of system is information reporting system (IRS) .Sewn</span><br /> <span style="font-size: small;">this term is often attributed to Robert Zmud. During the 1960s, an organization.</span><br /> <h3 style="text-align: left;"> <span style="font-size: small;">  <span style="color: red;">Decision support system</span></span></h3> <span style="font-size: small;">(DSS) provides a set of easy-to-use modeling, retrieving, and reporting capabilities so that people can generate the information they feel will be useful |o them when making decisions. For instance, a DSS might allow a manager to sit at an interactive terminal and browse through data, analyze them, and create specially tailored reports. </span><br /> <span style="font-size: small;">Rather than consisting of a semi-frozen set of data or information outputs, as the TPS and MRS do, the DSS provides tools for enhancing user decision making. Further development of the D$S, coupled with the trend toward networking personal computers, have resulted in group decision support systems (GDSS) that support the activities and decision making of entire work teams.</span><br /> <h3 style="text-align: left;"> <span style="color: red; font-size: small;">Office information systems</span></h3> <span style="font-size: small;"> Office information systems (OIS) include the use of such computer-based, office-oriented technologies as word processing, desktop publishing, electronic mail, video teleconferencing,</span><br /> <span style="font-size: small;">and so on. Of all the components that fall under the MIS umbrella, the OIS area is the least uniform, overlapping to a great extent with TPS, MRS, and especially DSS. </span><br /> <span style="font-size: small;"> Both expert systems (ES) and artificial intelligence (Al) are knowledge-based systems that mimic human decision-making processes. An ES is typically a rule-based system that solves problems in a manner similar to a human experts methods. AI includes robotics and applications such as vision inspection systems for spotting defects as products roll off manufacturing assembly lines. These technologies are expected to blossom as business applications during the rest of this century. ES and AI applications will be covered more fully in Chapter 11, along with other knowledge-based systems such as neural networks.</span><br /> <span style="font-size: small;">As you read through MIS literature, you will uncover other definitions for the systems just mentioned and a much broader range of implementations. Some individuals who recall the inflexible management reporting systems of the 1960s think only of management information systems in terms of fixed-format reports and fail to include DSS, OA, ES, and AI under the MIS umbrella. However, in this text, the terms "information systems" and "management information systems" usually are interchangeable. While subtle differences between them do exist, virtually all information systems used in organizational environments are somehow connected with some form of management activity.</span><br /> <span style="font-size: small;">Strictly speaking, an MIS need not be computerized. However, especially in large organizations, they almost always are. Even in small firms, the low cost of to rempatre-bned information aystemi an increasingly widespread reality. This growing pervasiveness of computer- based information systems has been spurred by continual declines in information processing costs. Joanne Yates and Robert Benjamin estimate that the cost of informatiqn technology decreases by about 30 percent a year.</span><br /> <span style="font-size: small;"> Also, according to Michael Porter and Victor Millar, the cost of computer information processing relative to manual information processing has become at least 8,000 times less expensive over the last 30 years. </span></div>

MIS Subsystems-Management information systems

MIS Subsystems    In order to implement this definition, we can think of the MIS effort in an organization as composed of the following f...

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Introduction to Management Information Systems

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <h2 dir="ltr" id="docs-internal-guid-007fcd83-7fff-538f-1248-cf1a7a546383" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-style: italic; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">Introduction to Management Information Systems</span></span></span></h2> <span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br />Management information systems (MIS) became a serious field of study largely because of the development of computers and computer-related technology MB, like many other computer terms, represents an evolving concept. To fully appreciate what people might mean when they refer to the term information system, we need to first turn the calendar back a few years, to the early 1950s.<br /> The Emergence of Management Information Systems In June 1951, a memorable event took place in the history of modem computing. The U.S. Bureau of the Census purchased a computer called Univac I. This machine was the first electronic computer produced by a business machine company (Remington Rand) specifically for business purposes. Until that time, computers had been found only in laboratories,<br /> where they were used for scientific and defense work.<br /><br />The predominant business applications of the 1950s were payroll, billing, and various other types of routine clerical and accounting operations.These transaction processing applications (so named because they involve the processing of financial accounting transactions and similar functions) were relatively easy to structure using the limited number of and typically hard-to-use computer languages of the 1950s. Also, these <br /><br />computer applications were relatively easy to cost justify to upper management. If, for example, a computer system could do the work of a hundred bookkeepers, each of whom earned $6,000 annually, a company would recover a cost of $600,000 within a year. The terms electronic data processing (EDP) and automatic data processing (ADP) were frequently used to describe business computing environments of the 1950s. <br /><br />As computers became more common, the "electronic" and "automated" adjectives were looked upon as redundant, and the term data processing (DP) evolved to describe both types of applications.<br /><br /><br />The first computers were failure-prone, difficult to operate, and by today's standards crawled along at a snail's pace. Computer professionals often had their hands full just in getting accurate paychecks and billing statements out on time. By the mid-1960s, however, the atmosphere was starting to change. Advances in disk technology made it possible to get to data faster and to access<br /><br /> <br /><br />The preceding historical developments<br />I In this test, we consider a management information system (MIS) to be any system that provides people with either data or information relating to an organization's operations. Management information systems support the activities of employees, owners, customers, and other key people in the organization's environment—either by efficiently processing data to assist with the transaction work load or by effectively supplying information to authorized people in a timely manner. For example, the transaction processing (data processing) sys-<br />| terns that perform accounting and clerical functions are information systems. So, too, are the systems that generated the periodic, pre-planned reports characterizing the 1960s (which we will call management reporting systems (MRS)<br />| from now on). Decision support systems, office information systems, and [ knowledge-based systems should also be viewed as facets of an organization's information system, along with inter-organizational electronic data interchange systems that strategically link a firm to its customers or supplier </span></div>

Introduction to Management Information Systems

Introduction to Management Information Systems Management information systems (MIS) became a serious field of study largely because of th...

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