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solved assighnments:compulsory English-1423,aiou-spring 2014-1st

Abdullah 0 aiou, solved assignments Saturday, August 09, 2014

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Compulsory English I                                      code No: 1423   BA/BS                                                                   Spring 2014  
                                    Assignment No:1 
Q.l  
In Unit 1. Section B you read about simple present tense and its use to express habitual actions, repeated action, feelings and thoughts. Study page 20 and then make ten sentences (facts, habits, repeated actions, events thoughts) on the following topic: 
 Sports in Pakistan  
1- Sports are very popular in Pakistan. (Fact)  
2- Cricket, hockey, football are the popular games in Pakistan. (Fact)  
3- Pakistanis like the cricket most. (Feeling)  
4- National championships are held every year. (Fact, event,   
    repeated action)  
5- Cricket is so much popular that many cricket lovers are on leave  
when Pakistan cricket team is playing any where in the world.  
    (Habit, fact)  
6- Some Pakistanis have views that hockey is not being paid attention like cricket. (Thought)  
7-Pakistan has produced world level players. (Fact)  
8-Pakistan has been hosting events like world cup, Asia cup etc. (Fact,
event)  
9- Some prominent organizations hold mega sports events every year. (Repeated action)  
10- In spite of all this perhaps the sports are not being taken serious as they should be.(Though)  
Q.2  
Study Section D (Writing Connected Sentences) of Unit 1 and then make sentences according to the following instructions:             (15)  
A-Five simple sentences each with a single subject and a single verb
Example: Children are playing  
1-Aslam is eating.  
2-They are running.  
3- I was sleeping.  
4-Hina is weeping.  
5-Mother is washing.  
B-Five compound sentences each with two subjects and a single verb.  
Example: Nisar and Sami play together.  
1-Saima and Taria drove to school. 
 2-Ali and Hamza play football every afternoon.  
3-Tide and time waits for no man.  
4- Aimal and Akmal ride their bike to the beach.  
5- You and am took the furniture out of garage.  
C-Five complex sentences each with a single subject and two verbs.  
Example: Children smiled and waved at us  
1-The teacher rambled and stuttered.  
2-He hurt the ball and ran the bases.  
3-I drank Coke and ate pizza.  
4- The wind had fallen but was rising quickly by late afternoon.  
5-Gull circled overhead or floated on the water.  
Q.3  
In Unit 2 Section A, you learned about Seeking Confirmation through using tags. On page 48 sentences with tags are given. You have to make 10 such sentences with tags.                          (10)  
Example  
Positive statement :   It is my laptop,  
Negative statement:   It wasn't my fault,  
negative tag:           isn't it?  
positive tag:            was it?  
i. Tahir is an accountant, isn't he? 
ii. I am a good worker, am I not?  
iii. Arifa is not a teacher, is she?  
iv. Kamran is a doctof, isn't he?  
v. Jawad and Ali are studnts, aren't they?  
vi. You are there,, aren't you?  
vii. You and I are busy right now, aren't we?  
viii. It's not windy today, is it?  
Q.4 
 In Unit 2 Section D, informal or Personal letter writing is being taught. Write an informal letter expressing thanks on receiving a birthday gift.                                                              (15)  
Examination Hall,  
A.B.C
20th April 2014.  
Dear friend,  
 How is it going? First of all, I would like to thank you for the gorgeous gift you
sent me for my birthday. You have always been such a caring person and you never forget that date. Imagine my surprise when I came from work and noticed that your present was waiting for me at home.  
It was very lovely of you. I really appreciate the thoughtfulness and effort you put into finding me a wonderful present. You are the ultimate gift giver! It's been a while since we wrote, so I would drop you a line to bring you up to date with what's been happening here.  My life has been kind of busy with my new job as a secretary at the hospital, the organization of my sister's wedding.  
As I told you last time we chat, Sofia is j marrying in July and of course she asked me to be her wedding planner. I'm trying to be in every single detail .She is my only sister and I'm doing my best to make this day unforgettable for her.
I will send you the invitations for you and your family as soon as they are ready. 
Hope all your family could join us in this special day. I've also started an English course this summer. You know I want to improve my English before I go to visit you in London next year. I will have to practice hard to speak as well as you do. So what about you these days?  
How is life in London different from Pakistan? Have
you already accustomed to the city, the people and the English culture? Now I think it's the perfect moment to thank you for being such a good person and friend and wish you good health, success and more importantly, love in your life. Please write soon and tell me what's new in your life.  
                                With love  
                                                                                    Yours sincerely  
<div style="text-align: right;">
X.Y.Z.</div>
Q.5 
 In Unit 3 Section A, (Agreeing and Disagreeing) many ways of agreeing and disagreeing with something/someone are being taught to you. You have to make agreeing, strongly agreeing, agreeing in part, disagreeing and strongly disagreeing statements relating the given issues (five sentences for each issue):                                  (15)  
Politics in education:  
1- I am strongly against the politics in education as in fact, these activities are
getting more and more common in our educational institution and with a complete negative meaning and sense which has damaged the real purpose of institutions.  
2- The government must ban it as politics involvement has affected education so badly that students have Indulged In activities like rallies, fights, firing, propaganda against each other, shouting fruitlessly wasting their time in such stupid activities.  
3- It is alarming situation as the increasing involvement of politics in educational institutions day by day has transformed them into the root station of the political activates.  
4- I am sure that the parents whose children are indulged in political activates instead of studies are so much afraid and disappointed about their child life and future.  
5- Speaking against this issue I would say that if this political culture will continue in our educational institutions then the future of education in our country will
In danger, in order to save the future of our upcoming generations, we will eliminate political culture from our educational institutions.  
Racism in Pakistan:  
1- I strongly condemn racism in Pakistan.  
2- I totally disagree as the racism destroying the whole nation.  
3- I oppose the racism as Pakistan was achieved where everyone can live without discrimination of any race.  
4- The racism is not lawful as it is prohibited in Islam.  
5- In short racisn forces to think as the hatred of one person by another — or the belief that another person is less than human  
Co-education:  
1- Being a Muslim, I would strongly disagree about the   
    co-education.  
2- Against co-education I would justify that during puberty, both might be
not stay together.  
3- Education is a right of both boys and girls. However, they are different in the way they learn, and they have different interests and strengths, that's why I prefer to send the children to a single- school than to a co-educational one.  
4- Especially in the current scenario of free and open media and becoming early mature, it cannot be trusted on co-education.  
5- Mover, co-education is against the law of natural history. Girls and boys are temperamentally unusual from each other.  
Q.6  
In Unit 3, you have read about expressing agreements and disagreements. Listen to the recorded text 13 and then make a list of those statements which express strong agreement and strong disagreement.                                                           (10)  
Strong agreement:  
1- You're completely right that desertification is increasing.  
2- Yes there's some truth in the fact that at times the target of forestation is not what we predict.  
3- Absolutely! Desertification has become the greatest threat  
Strong disagreement:  
1- This is an absolutely incorrect statement.  
2- Rubbish! These're just rumours.  
3- Oh come on! You see changes everywhere.
 You must be joking.
Q.7 
 Unit 4 Section A is about expressing possibility and impossibility of doing something in different situations and with different degrees. We want you to write
about 15 such sentences showing possibility using might, may, could, etc. and impossibility using might not, doubtfully, unlikely, uncertain, etc.                                (15)  
1-Your purse might be in the living room. (Possibility)  
2-Cheryl may be at home, or perhaps at work, possibility  
3- Extreme rain could cause the river to flood the city, possibility  
4- You can be sure everyone clear about what had happened.  
5- It's more than likely that they will change the exam rules next year.
6-He could be better.  
7- I expect that you are tired from the trip.  
8-It is possible that he has already gone.  
9-It might not be possible to have a safe and smooth journey. (Impossibility)  
10-The painting is doubtfully ascribed to Picasso.  
11- A big city seems like an unlikely place to find wildlife.  
 12-The time of departure is still uncertain.  
13-I don't think he would join us on dinner.  
14-Akram is not likely to visit my home.  
15- Javed may not be upset. Perhaps he is tired.  
Q.8  
In Unit 4, Section B Modal Verbs are explained. You have to understand the concept of modal verbs for expressing the ability of/ inability of doing some work, necessary or obligatory action, possible or impossible situation. Make ten sentences using Modal verbs. (10)  
Ans:  
I. He can speak Chinese.  
2-She should be here by 9:00.  
3-He should not be late.  
4-They might not come to the party.  
5-It's snowing, so it must be very cold outside.  
6-I don't know where John is. He could have missed the train.  
7-This bill can't be right. £200 for two cups of coffee!  
8-She can speak six languages.  
9- My grandfather could play golf very well.  
10-I can't drive.  
11-Children must do their homework.  
12-We have to wear a uniform at work.  
13-You should stop smoking.  
14-John will always be late!  
15- You must stop when the traffic lights turn red  
                      Next .......<a href="http://educational-wealth.blogspot.com/2014/08/solved-assighnmentscompulsory-english_18.html" target="_blank">...Assighnment No.2</a> (English compulsory)  
For preparation of exam spring 2019  study past solved papers  
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                 <a href="https://educational-wealth.blogspot.com/2019/09/past-old-solved-papers-aiou-all-codes.html">  solved  past papers aiou</a> 
 
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solved assighnments:compulsory English-1423,aiou-spring 2014-1st

Solved Assignments AIOU Compulsory English I code No: 1423 BA/BS ...

solved Assighnments: Basic of ICT -1431-spring 2014

Abdullah 11 solved assignments Friday, August 08, 2014

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                                 Assighnment No.1 
code:    1431                                                               B.A,BS 
Q: No. 1  
Define the term Computer. Also describe basic five operation perform by the
computer.  
Defination:
“ computers are electronic devices that accept data (input), process that data, produces output, and then store (storage) the results.”  
<h3>
First computer(ENIAC)” </h3>
The first computer was called the ENIAC, which was built during World War II (1943-1946). These early computers used vacuum tubes and were very large and only found in businesses, Universities, or governments. Later, computers began utilizing transistors as well as smaller and cheaper parts that allowed the common person to own their own computer. 
This history of computers and related topics can be found on our history page.
A computer system is an interconnected system of components that transmit electronic information between them to accomplish a task given to the computer. Computer systems require several critical components to function, all of equal importance.  
<h3>
Hardware component of computer: </h3>
The hardware components of the computer are the parts you can see and touch.  
<h3>
Software component of computer: </h3>
 The software components consist of electronic data and programs that give the hardware directions for functioning properly. computers help make jobs that used to be complicated much simpler. For example, a user can write letters in a word processor and edit any portion of the letter anytime, spell check the letter, and move text from another document into the letter, etc. This is just one of the millions of different things a computer is capable of doing.
Basic operations performed by computer system :  
<h3>
1 - Input unit: </h3>
Input unit links the external environment with the computer system. Data and instruction must be entered to the computer before performing any competition. Data or instructions can be entered through input devices, eg. Key board, or any other input devices. Input unit transferred this data into binary coded.  
<h3>
Functions of input unit: </h3>
i- It accepts data or instructions from external world.  
ii- It converts these instructions and data in computer acceptable form.  
iii- It supplies the converted instruction & data to the computer for further processing.  
<h3>
(2) Storage unit </h3>
 Before actual processing start, data & instructions entered to the computer must be stored inside the computer. Similarly, results produced by the computer are required to be stored before being passed to the output unit. The intermedia! result produced by the computer must also be stored for further processing. 
<h3>
 Function of storage unit:</h3>
 i-It stores all the data to be process.  
ii-It stores intermeciial results.  
iii-It stores final result are realize an output device.  
<h3>
(3) Processing (ALU) unit: </h3>
ALU is the place where actual execution of the instructions takes places during the processing operations. All calculations & comparisons are made in the ALU.
 The data and instructions stored in the primary storage are transfered as where required. Intermedial results are also transphered back to the ALU for the final processing. After completion of processing the final results are send to storage units from ALU. 
Number of arithmetic & logical operation that a computer can perform is determined by the design to perform the four basic arithmetic operations.  
<h3>
(4) Output unit </h3>
It is just the viewers of that any input unit it provides information reasons of computation to the output of the world. Output unit links the computer with the external world.
A computer prepares results in binary code. Output unit converts these results into human acceptable forms.  
<h3>
 Functions of output unit </h3>
It accepts the result produced by the computer. 
It converts these coded results to human acceptable form.
It supplies the converted to the outside world.  
<h3>
(5) Control unit: </h3>
ALU dose not know what should be done with the data likewise, output unit dose not know when the result should be displayed. By selecting, interning and seeing to the execution of the program the CU is able to maintain order and direct the operations of the entire system CU doesn't perform any actual processing on data yet it is known as a central nervous system for the comforts of the comonter. It manages co-ordinates the entire system.  
Q No.2  
(a) Discuss the purposes of speech recognition.''
Purposes of speech recognition.''  
Its purpose is listen to and understand voice commands to perform everyday tasks.
The future of personal computing is the Apple Macintosh of today. Armed with speech recognition software, the Mac can listen to and understand voice commands to perform everyday tasks.  
<h3>
 Recognition of voice </h3>
The sound of a spoken word creates a specific pattern of sound waves on an electronic sensor device. Computer programmers are able to take those sound wave patterns and match them with their corresponding spoken words.  
For example, the spoken word "cat" produces a squiggly pattern on a sound-scope that the programmer can match to a database of words on file. When someone says "cat" into a computer microphone, the program matches the sound pattern to the word on file and prints the word "cat" on the computer screen. This is a great over simplification of the process, but it explains how computers can "understand" what you say.  
<h3>
Teach: </h3>
 All modern Voice Recognition software titles "teach" your computer how to recognize your voice patterns. A tutoring stage is built into the initial installation process so that the computer can learn your manner of saying the word "cat." We all have different accents and manners of speech; this painstaking training time helps the computer software translate your speech into correctly spelled and interpreted words on the screen. 
 Therefore, when you first
inch across. The most common sizes are the 3.5-inch desktop drive and the 2.5-inch laptop
drive.
Measuring of Space
Space on hard drives is measured in bytes. Modern drives are measured in gigabytes or terabytes, while older drives were measured in megabytes.  
A megabyte is 1,024 bytes, a gigabyte 1,024 megabytes (1,048,576 bytes) and a terabyte is 1,024 gigabytes (1,073,741,824 bytes). .
Speed
Faster drives mean faster processing. A drive running at 5,200 RPM is standard. If you pay a little more, you can get 7,200 RPM. If you have a server and-'need real speed, you can pay more and get 10,000 to 15,000 RPM.  
Q:No 3 
<div style="text-align: left;">
Q: Write down the Advantages and disadvantages of "Information and
Communication technology</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">

 Advantages and disadvantages of "Information and
Communication Technology" </div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
Information
 Communication Technology (ICT)
“Information Communication Technology (ICT) is a term that describes 
types of technology that are used specifically for communications.”
 It is like Information Technology, but ICT focuses more on technologies
 that deal with communication, like cell phones, the Internet and 
wireless networks, among other things.</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
 Because
 of the convergence of the two technologies in the sense that we 
increasingly use digital data to communicate, a new term has been 
coined: information and communication technology (ITC). Today we use 
computers to call, each other and telephones to process data and send 
emails. </div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
Usage of ICT </div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
The
 field of Information Communication Technology has taken off in the last
 decade. Developed countries have a higher use of ICT, but developing 
countries have made significant increases in use over the last five 
years.
At the end of 2008, the world had more than 4 billion mobile phone 
users, and close to one- fourth of the world's population had access to 
the Internet. </div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
Utilitarian Objectives </div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
One
 of the main aims of ICT is to help students to become competent and 
confident users who can use the basic knowledge and skills acquired to 
assist them in their daily lives. It is also supposed to prepare 
students for the world of tomorrow. It aims to help learners to have an 
open and flexible mind. This will help them to adjust to the inevitable 
future changes. </div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
Social Aims of ICT</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
 It
 aims to equip learners with the appropriate social skills required to 
cooperate with fellow ICT learners for a more productive learning 
experience. It enpowers students who are unable to use this technology 
outside the school premises by ensuring sufficient access to those 
students. Through this, it will also ensure equity among all learners, 
as they will all have the same opportunities to use the ICT facilities 
in school.</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
 Another
 social objective of ICT is to facilitate good communication between the
 students, thus promoting better social understanding.
ICT aims to assist students to appreciate the beauty and diversity of 
culture. It also aims to help students become well-cultured citizens of 
the modern world. </div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
It
 achieves this as it facilitates the discovery and appreciation of 
various cultural heritages of different countries around the world.
Personal Objectives
ICT aims to assist students to grow personally by facilitating different
 methods of learning. Distance-learning programs are now provided by 
most colleges and universities. </div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
Many
 people are using these programs to get degrees that they would not have
 been able to receive without ICT. It also aims to allow the public to 
easily access the necessary information over the Internet.
Regulations
Americans enjoys relative freedom in the use of ICT, but other 
governments are struggling to regulate its use. </div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
Most
 recently, governments in the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia 
decided to block features on Blackberry smart phones, which allow 
citizens to access the Internet without regulation. Starting Oct. 11, 
2010, users will not be able to access email or the Internet through 
their BlackBerrys.</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">

 Information Technology </div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
Information
 technology refers to devices (hardware) and algorithms or programs 
(software) used to store, retrieve and process data. In simple terms, it
 refers to all computer applications and devices.
Communication Technology
In the modern sense of the term, communication technology includes 
electronic systems used for communication between individuals or groups 
not physically present at the same location. </div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
It
 is about ways people can talk or write to each other and exchange 
messages, pictures or sounds.
Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has a major impact on 
business operations. Companies are able to utilize ICT to manage 
business operations from accounting to advertisement. With the rapid 
development of ICT, it is now possible to conduct more business 
transactions at a minimal cost compared to the previous era where ICT 
development was minimal.</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
 Business
 operators and the ICT department are now able to become innovative and 
discover new ways to make Information and Communication technology work 
for them.
Information and communications technology refers to a vast network of 
computer terminals, fiber optic cables and server equipment that collect
 and present data. Stock market investors are familiar with the stock 
ticker, which streams stock price quotes between exchange trading floors
 and numerous data points across the globe. </div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
Media
 outlets, such as CNN and Bloomberg, present and analyze statistical 
information daily.
Features
Communications technology lowers expenses and improves liquidity for the
 overall market. Liquidity is synonymous with one’s ability to raise 
cash on demand. For example, stock traders place sell orders with 
information technology to quickly receive cash for their investments. </div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
Online
 trading enables smaller investors to bypass expensive financial 
advisers
and coordinate their own trading strategies. Meanwhile, consumers search
 online for low- priced goods and read reviews to evaluate the quality 
of big-ticket items.
Warning
Criminals may exploit information technology to steal your identity and 
execute unauthorized money transfers and purchases. </div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
Because of this it's important to install antivirus software on your computers to protect personal information. </div>
Q No. 4. Explain the difference between "ICT" and 
"Telecommunication". 
 IT and ICT are often used interchangeably by those in the computer industry, but these terms are different in definition.  
IT stands for Information Technology and ICT stands for Information Communication Technology. These are very closely related, but the terms signify two different areas of study or industry. Most simply put, ICT falls under the IT umbrella and refers to the specific area of IT that has to do with communications.
IT
IT is the abbreviation for Information Technology, and is used within texts to be concise. IT refers to the entire information domain, which includes the hardware, software, peripherals, and networking.  
An item falls under the IT umbrella when it is used for the purposes of storing, protecting, retrieving, and processing data electronically. This is a vast field with many different subspecialties, including networking, communications, and software engineering. IT is an important aspect for businesses and the academic community.  
ICT 
ICT is the abbreviation for Information Communication Technology. The term is used mostly within the academic arena to refer to the branch of IT related to digital devices that are used to communicate or interact with digital information. ICT also draws in telephony and media broadcasting. This term is used to describe a very specific area of IT and is more specific than the general idea of networking.  
<h3>
Training Organizations </h3>
Training organizations range from vocational or technical schools at the high school or post- high school level, to a commercial business's internal training for personnel, to computer company or software developer's field trainers who provide on-site training on technology systems, to government-funded training programs, such as those geared to building job- related and work search skills and private. ICT training companies.  
<h3>
Best Practices for ICT</h3>
 Best practices for ICT policies in training organizations involve matching learner needs as closely as possible to available resources, such as budget and personnel. For example, a job training center may have an ICT policy of continuously building ICT training resources or core skills such as teamwork and problem solving. 
 ICT in Health sector
Improving the health of individuals and communities, and strengthening health systems, disease detection and prevention are crucial to development and poverty reduction. ICT has the potential to impact almost every aspect of the health sector. In public health, information management and communication processes are pivotal, and are facilitated or limited by available ICT. ' |
ICT has the potential to impact upon almost every aspect of the health sector.  
In public health, information management and communication processes are pivotal, and are facilitated or limited by the available information and communication technology. In addition, beyond the formal health sector, the ability of impoverished communities to access services and engage with and demand a health sector that responds to their priorities and needs, is importantly influenced by wider information and communication processes, mediated by ICT.
IT vs ICT
The difference between IT and ICT is the concepts that the terms cover. ICT is simply a specific area of IT. 
 The concepts covered within ICT are part of the IT industry but not all IT concepts are covered by the term ICT. It is important to remember this when using the terms both professionally and academically, especially when referring to specific concepts that may fall under one term but not the other.
Industry
Within the information industry, the terms ICT and IT are often used interchangeably. However, the definition of ICT is becoming more specific as the industry moves forward. 
 It is important to know if the term is being used correctly, as the entire context of an article or text could be skewed. The definition of ICT will continue to grow with the industry, as new forms of communications are studied and developed.
his idea can be generally supported by another opinion on the differences between IT and Information and Communication Technology (ICT) by e.How contributor Lindsey Mason who generally states in her post that, "IT refers to the entire information domain, which includes the hardware, software, peripherals and networking. An item falls under the IT umbrella when it is used for the purpose of storing, protecting, retrieving, and processing data electronically.
Q no 5.write the short notes on the following topics.  
<h3>
 Multimedia Projector </h3>
A multimedia projector is a compact, high resolution, .full-color projector capable of projecting text, images, video and audio content. Typically the projector will feature inputs for a computer, DVD player, VCR, CD player and storage device.  
Use
Multimedia projectors are used frequently in classrooms, offices and gatherings at which multimedia presentations are made. In a film class, for example, the teacher can integrate select video sequences into a slide show of note pages. 
 In a marketing meeting, a presenter could alternate seamlessly between spreadsheets, animated ad content and live feeds from social media sites.
Synonyms
Multimedia projectors are also referred to as data projectors, digital projectors and data/video projectors. These names can apply to both portable and ceiling-mounted units provided that they can project computer output.  
Examples:
i he Epson 55 2000 Lumen 3LCD Multimedia Projector is a portable LCD unit weighing just under 6 lbs. As of 2010, the unit can be purchased new for as little as $589. The Optoma DS317 2.600 Lumen SVGA DLP Multimedia Projector is another portable design, with a weight of 9 lbs. and a list price of $449.99, as of 2010. 
<h3>
 Electronic mail </h3>
(Email)
Electronic mail, or email, has become one of the most popular forms of communication. Not only does email save time and money, it can also be a great tool for personal as well as business communications. A basic email message is made up of seven parts.
Recipient's Address

The first thing you need to enter when composing an email is the recipient's address.  
This is entered before you compose the body of the email. This field is usually found in one of the spaces above the message.  
An example of an email address is: johndoe@email.com. When sending a message to multiple recipients be sure to separate all addresses with a comma.  
<h3>
Cc and Bcc </h3>
Another option when sending a message to multiple recipients is to use the Cc, or carbon copy, and Bcc, blind carbon copy fields. When using the Cc feature, all recipients can see the email addresses of everyone the message was sent to. If you want your communication to be more private, choose the Bcc and the identities of the other recipients will not be shown.  
<h3>
Date and Time Stamp </h3>
The date and time an email was sent is usually included automatically somewhere in the message.
Subject Line
The subject line is the first part of your email that the recipient will see. When entering the subject line be sure to include important information such as what the email is about. 
 If you are too vague or don't include any subject line at all, your message could be mistaken for spam and deleted without ever being read.
Body
The body is where you actually write the message^hat you want sent.  
Your message can be anything from a professional memo to a note to friend or family member. Try to avoid writing too much in an email and keep it limited to one screen's length. If you have a lot of information that needs to be sent include it as an attached file.  
<h3>
Attachments</h3>
 Attachments are similar to enclosures in traditional mail. If you have files that you want to share with your recipient's you can include them as attachments to the email. Use caution when opening attachments sent to you as they can contain viruses, and never open an attachment from somebody you don't know.  
<h3>
Signature </h3>
Some email systems allow you to enter a signature that will appear automatically at the bottom of every message you send. This feature is optional and can be turned off and on as needed.

A variety of devices are available that move the graphics cursor to point and draw, each with its advantages. Some point and draw devices are as follow:  
<h3>
1. Mouse:</h3>
 A mouse is an input device that actually looks a little bit like a mouse. The mouse, which has a ball on its underside, is rolled on a flat surface, usually desk on which the computer sits. Usually a mouse has two button and right button, which can perform the following functions:  
The rolling movement causes a corresponding movement on the screen. Moving the allows you to reposition the pointer, or cursor, an indicator on the screen that shows where the next interaction with the computer take place.  
The cursor can also be moved by pressing various keyboard keys. You can communicate commands to the computer by pressing a button on top of the mouse. In particular, a mouse button is often used to click on an icon, a command to the computer so clicking the icon invokes the commands. 
<h4>
 Trackball: </h4>
A variation on the mouse is the trackball. You may have used trackball to play a video game. The trackball is like an upside-down mouse, you roll the ball directly with your hand. The popularity of the trackball blast with the advent of laptop computers, when traveling users found themselves without a flat surface on which to role the traditional mouse.  
Trackballs are often built in on portable computers, but they can also be used as separate input devices with standard desktop computers. Many users prefer trackball because it requires less space when in operation.  
<h3>
Joystick: </h3>
A joystick is another cursor controlling device. Joystick look like a car's stick shift and are often used for computer games and for screen drawing and design tasks. The joysticks move the cursor in the direction the stick is pushed.
Sensitive Screen :
The two common forms of sensitive screens are light sensitive screen and touch sensitive screen. 
<h3>
 
Light pen:</h3>
 A pen is used to input data via a light sensitive screen. The light pen is similar in shape to a ball point pen. When the pen is moved across the screen, its positioned is sensed because of the light it releases. It can be used to draw images on the screen. The images can then be printed, if desired.  
The light pen can also be used to make selection from a given list of menu items. The selection is made simply by pointing the pen at the selection required and pressing the button on the pen.
Pointing device:
A touch sensitive screen uses the human hand as the input medium.  
The effect is similar to that of light pen on a light sensitive screen, except that the pointing device is now finger. A common use is the selection of items or options from a given list. When a finger touches the screen, blocks out the light emitted from that portion of the screen. The screen then determines which part of the screen is being touched, and therefore which selection is required.  
<h3>
social net working service </h3>
A social net working service is an online service. Platform and site .Online community services are sometimes considered as social net working service.
 social net working service is the grouping of individuals into specific groups like small rural communities .
social net working service works like an Online community of internet users.Depending upon
the users they share many functions of their common interest.  
                             Next.........<a href="http://educational-wealth.blogspot.com/2014/08/solved-assighnments-basic-of-ict-1431_19.html" target="_blank">Assighnment No 2 </a></div>

solved Assighnments: Basic of ICT -1431-spring 2014

Solved Assighnments AIOU Assighnment No.1 code: 1431...

Why boys fail in college

Abdullah 5 short story Friday, August 08, 2014

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<h3>
 Why boys fail in college</h3>
This short story is written by Herbert E. Hawkers 
 
About auther 
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjpZxvbgSahZlUwmM0KO2ZHNHLOkQYAxFpB2kdSpqYaszfN9_Jd6hOWU1rdBtmPo328G3hX9eOq_VZQe_TC_YRBv-MkuE5dVmGw2n-JBlH2yo9ajG1um5JX2GP8zNo0sK85F0ug9S1xzi8/s1600/herbert.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" loading="lazy" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjpZxvbgSahZlUwmM0KO2ZHNHLOkQYAxFpB2kdSpqYaszfN9_Jd6hOWU1rdBtmPo328G3hX9eOq_VZQe_TC_YRBv-MkuE5dVmGw2n-JBlH2yo9ajG1um5JX2GP8zNo0sK85F0ug9S1xzi8/s1600-rw/herbert.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Herbert E.Hawker</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
 
Herbert E. Hawkers was born in 1872 in America.He was a great mathematician .He was the dean of Columbia college America for twenty five years.In 1900 he got degree of doctoriate .In 1910 he joined Columbia college as a professor of mathematics.He died in 1943. 
 
 
<h3>
 </h3>
<h3>
Types of boys fail in college</h3>
 According to author the boys who fail in college are of two types, those who work and those who do not work.  
He has further sub-divided these students into seven groups.  
 (i) The students who suffer from lack of concentration 
 (ii) The students who are forced to study a subject against their interest. 
 (iii) The students who are over-cpnfident and do not work hard. 
 (iv) The students who have poor physical Or mental, health. 
 (v) The poor students who does not get sufficient time to study. 
 (vi) The students who are more interested in games and literary activities. 
 (vii) The students who join college only for the sake of fun
cause of capablestudents failure 
They fail because they do not pay heed to their studies.  
<h3>
Parent's pressure </h3>
parents become a cause of their children's failure

Author is of the opinion that the parent’s mistaken ambition for the future of their child is the most important cause of the student's failure. 
All the parents want to see their children a doctors or engineers.'
parents become a cause of their children's failure. 
They do not judge their talent and aptitude and impose their decisions. In such case
the boys find education boring and tiresome. So they do not work properly and fail.
The parents should not impose their own ambitions on the children, rather they must give the boys free choice.  
<h3>
 Financial pressure</h3>
 Financial pressure is also a big cause for the failure of the students. The poor students who have to work to meet their education expenses, get a poor living as welt as poor education.  
It is the duty of the parents to provide the students proper money because they have brought them in the world.  
<h3>
Interest in games and extra curricular activities </h3>
A good number of students waste their time unnecessarily in games and extra curricular activities. Too much interest in these activities make them weak in studies. The author advises that the students should keep balance between studies and sports.
 They do not try
Most of students fail in colleges, because they do not try. For example, students do not pay attention to their studies. There are also some intelligent students who are habitual to see things lightly. They do not work hard and fail. Some boys give more time to extra curricular activities, do not do justice with the academic duty and fail. Students busy in earning do not find time for their studies and fail.  
<h3>
Good in school but poor in college: </h3>
There are some students who get good marks at school without much 
effort. They
suppose that they can also get success at college in the same way. They 
do not work hard and fail. It is a category of.the students that is 
found everywhere in the world. No doubt such boys are found in the 
colleges of our country in great number.  
<h3>
 Health problems: </h3>
Good health is essential for success. A sick student cannot study 
properly. If he does not study regularly and properly he cannot get 
through the examination. Therefore, a student must be healthy physically
 and mentally to achieve academic goal.  
<h3>
 Join college for fun: </h3>
Some boys join college for the sake of fun only. They want simply to 
enjoy and waste their parents money. They are lazy bluffers. They fail 
in the examination badly. In fact they are never serious in their 
studies. Such boys should never be allowed to stay in college.
  
<h3>
How can we help students</h3>
 We should help them to choose the proper career. We should give them financial aid as and when required. The sick students should be given adequate medical aid in the colleges. In this way we can help the college students according to their problems.  
The author says that there must be in colleges a medical expert. There should be proper co-operation between him and college authorities, so that the students may thoroughly be examined and given timely proper medical aid.  
This will be great help for the boys. If we succeed in making such arrangements in colleges an immense number of failures can be avoided
sportsmen in colleges:

Sports are an integral part of college life. Most of the players of national level are picked from the colleges.  
Sportsmen develop team-spirit among students and make college life attractive and active.
Some students adopt a negative attitude towards sports. They take more interest in sports and literary activities than it is needed. This is wrong, quite wrong. They ought to leave the college and become professional. 
 </div>

Why boys fail in college

Why boys fail in college This short story is written by Herbert E. Hawkers About auther Herbert E.Hawker Herbert E. Hawkers was ...

Funny story (A man,who was a hospital)

Abdullah 1 short story Friday, August 08, 2014

<h2>
 A man who was a hospital</h2>
The author of this essay is a whimsical person. Once the writer was reading a patent liver-pill advertisement. In this advertisement there were given various symptoms of the disease. He felt all these symptoms in 
himself. he reaches the conclusion that he is suffering from that particular disease. 
 The writer went to the British Library to find out the treatment of his minor ailment.
 He went to the British Library, took out a book and started reading about that disease.
He turned many pages of the book and read about different diseases and their symptoms 
. After reading that book he came to know that he was suffering from all the diseases
whose names started with 'A'. He trembled with horror. Then he proceeded on and discovered that he had almost symptoms of all the diseases like Typhoid fever, Cholera, Diptheria, Gout and Zymosis. After studying about different diseases, the writer decided to examine himself. He felt
his pulse. It was 147 to a minute. He tried to feel his heart. He could not find his heart at all. It had stopped beating. He tried to look at his tongue. He stuck it out as far as it would go. He shut one eye and tried to examine it with the other  
The writer thought that he would be a great source of research for the medical
science. They would not have to go from bed to bed to know about different diseases.  
After this he went straight to his doctor who was his old friend. He told him the whole story and asked for a medical check-up.
The doctor was a sensible man. He looked at the writer and wrote out a prescription.

The writer thought that by going to the doctor he was doing a good turn to him.  
A doctor needs good practice. He has to examine hundreds of patients who have one or two diseases to get a good practice. But to examine a patient like him who had a number of diseases was likely to get practice of seventeen hundreds ordinary
patients.
prescription given to him 
In fact, the author did not have any disease.  
That is why the doctor could not give him any prescription. He gave him some pieces of advice. He advised him to take proper diet and exercise and not to stuff his mind with unreasonable things.
The doctor's prescription was about proper diet and exercise. The author went to a chemist. Without reading the prescription the chemist handed back it to him and said that he did not keep it. On asking he said that he did not have any resturaht and co-operative store to provide required things to him.  
The prescription contained the following advice: 
1. One pound beefsteak every six hours.  
2. Ten mile walk every morning.  
3. Bed at eleven sharp every night.  
4. And do not stuff your head with things you do not understand.  
 The writer acted upon the doctor's advice and was alright. 
 
 
A little knowledge is always dangerous. The essay is a humorous exaggeration. The writer describes that we should not bother ourselves with things we do not understand. Such type of things create confusion. The last sentence is the outcome of the whole story. It means that we should not think over such things which we cannot

Funny story (A man,who was a hospital)

A man who was a hospital The author of this essay is a whimsical person. Once the writer was reading a patent liver-pill advertisement. ...

Hungar and population explosion

Abdullah 0 short story Friday, August 08, 2014

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Hungar and population explosion  
This short story is written by Ann Mckenzie  
<h3>
Birth & death rate rate:</h3>
 Birth-rate is number of births per 1000 population in a year, while by death
rate is meant number of deaths per 1000 population in a year. For example, in U.K the birthrate in 1963 was 18.2 and death rate was 11.6. It means that population was growing at the rate of 6.6 per 1000 of the population. Hence, birth-rate and death-rate have a great effect on population of a country. 
if birth rate is higher than the death rate in a country, it would mean 
an increase in population. If the difference is huge, then the speed of 
growth is very fast and bigger. 
<h3>
Role of Public health measures: </h3>
Public health measures have played an important role to increase the population. It
has controlled the fatal diseases and epidemics. It has made the medical facilities available to everybody. Better sanitary conditions keep the cities clean and thereby prevent the spread of certain diseases. Naturally, all this results in a big increase in population.  
<h3>
High birth-rate in under-developed countries: </h3>
The high birth-rate in under-deveioped .countries is due to low literacy rate. Most of the
people are uneducated. They do not calculate the benefits of family planning. They have meagre sources of income but increases the birth rate blindly. 
All under developed countries are over-populated. Poverty and over 
population are two of the most serious problems of these countries. 
People are undeveloped and uneducated. They do not have proper 
facilities to meet their needs. This is the main cause of poor economic 
condition prevailing in under-developed countries..  
<h3>
Birth rate not so high in the more advanced countries</h3>
 The people of advanced countries are wise, intelligent and educated. The are aware
of the dangers of over-population. They do every possible effort to check it. That is why the birth rate is not so high in these countries.  
<h3>
 Hunger </h3>
Hunger means situation in which we are always wondering where the next meal is coming from.
Since the beginning of time down to the present, famine has been a problem.  
<h3>
 First famine on earth  </h3>
The first famine dates back to an Egyptian Pharoah. It lasted for seven years.
 Bible tell us about famines
Bible also tells us about many famines.  
<h3>
 Famine in  England from the birth of Christ </h3>
 From the birth of Christ to about 1800 A.D. there are records of famine in Europe. In England during this period almost every five years one major famine visited. 
Famine in china 
 People died in China during famine 
. 
China had ninty major famines in one century. Nine and a half million people perished
in single famine which swept North China in the last century.  
<h3>
Famine visited Russia </h3>
Famine visited Russia in 1921-22 and killed a large number of people.  
<h3>
Famine visited Bengal </h3>
 The great famine of Bengal in 1769-70 claimed ten million people.   
Famine in India 
India faced the worst famine of the century
In Bombay one million people died due to famine in 1945. India faced the worst
famine of the century in 1864-65. 
world population is increasing 
In the past the death rate was very high.  
<h3>
Life saving drugs </h3>
Nov; life-saving drugs have reduced the
death. As a result, the world population is increasing rapidly. 
<h3>
 Impact of population explosion </h3>
 In under developed countries modern technology is not used. The food production is,
therefore, not sufficient. The population is on the increase.  
The impact of this population explosion in the under-developed countries is affecting badly on their <a href="http://educational-wealth.blogspot.com/2014/01/economic-progress-of-countries-of.html" target="_blank">economic</a> condition. Their industrial development and food production are not sufficient to provide them with full meals. 
<h3>
Causes of famine </h3>
<h4>
1-Lack of rain </h4>
 The  main cause of famine is lack of rain. Many famines have 
coco .fed in the history due to scarcity of water.  
<h3>
2-Gigantic increase in population </h3>
Gigantic increase in population is also another cause of famine. It is the biggest threat for mankind to cause famine in future.
Reason for population increase  
<h4>
3-High birthrate </h4>
 The main reason for this tremendous increase in population is that the birth-rate has
become higher than the death rate. 
<h3>
4-Control on epidemics </h3>
 In the near past many people died due to epidemics like malaria, srnall-pox etc. Now due to advanced medical science, 
effective medicines have been made and epidemics have been controlled. So, tho death rate has been reduced rapidly and population is increasing rapidly.  
<h3>
Planning to avoid famine </h3>
Avoid
 from disastrous famines  in future in order to avoid the disastrous 
famines, we shall have to increase our food production and check our 
birth-rate.  
 According to the author, hunger does not mean to go without food for a 
.mealtime or for a whole day. On the large scale hunger means never 
having enough to eat. It means, when you have eaten something, you still
 feel hungry. It aiso means a situation in which one is always wondering
 where the next meal is corning from or even if there will be a next 
meal. On a large scale, hunger means famine. 
 
 </div>

Hungar and population explosion

Hungar and population explosion This short story is written by Ann Mckenzie Birth & death rate rate: Birth-rate is number of bir...

The books I like most

Abdullah 0 essay Tuesday, August 05, 2014

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<h2 style="text-align: left;">
 
The books I like most </h2>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5QhLspMp5JvfSW5yvrK6A6hNp1Un_b8v13_cwlraqLA1SDMTJ10fqKOmU-R3TBglTWTF08FBhfGBWoULpYn4pa2byyH5QKhkEdkDAqsVh4fJCoR-_QfjAYc_PHlAMuYhIklFvfOtOuII/s1600/robin.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" loading="lazy" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5QhLspMp5JvfSW5yvrK6A6hNp1Un_b8v13_cwlraqLA1SDMTJ10fqKOmU-R3TBglTWTF08FBhfGBWoULpYn4pa2byyH5QKhkEdkDAqsVh4fJCoR-_QfjAYc_PHlAMuYhIklFvfOtOuII/s1600-rw/robin.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Robinson cruso</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Outline  
1-classics  
2-Qurran  
3- Anmol Moti”  
4- Robinson Crouse  
5-. King Solomon’s Mtnes  
6- H.G. Wells  
7- wiser hours of my life,  
It will be vain on my part if,in this essay,I try to prove that I am very learned man.Nobody is going to believe that I have read the classics.Such a false parade of my study ,If I may venture to make ,will not impress the reader.I am therefore,going to be frank and that is all.I shall mention only the books that I have actually read.My narration shall be sincere that much I guarantee.  
In my early childhood,I was sent by my parents to mosque to study the Holy Quran.The Imam of the mosque happened to be Qari.Under his guidance I began to study this greatest book.I was simply moved to my hearts depths by the rhyme and rhythm of the Quranic verses. 
Though I was then a child of about five years of age,I had an instinctive awareness that 
these verses were not the result of any human efforts. Each and every verse thrilled me with joy. I felt while reciting verses, as if I was communicating with a power within myself, but much greater than myself. The study of the Quran, since then has always delighted me. 
 I was studying in the 5th class when I caught hold of a book “Anmol Moti” from the school library. This book consisted of about 200 pages and contained many interesting stories of ghosts, demons, fairies and supernatural beings. I vividly remember, that I went through the book in a single sitting. 
 I forgot about my evening hockey, which I never missed in those days.The book made
me acquainted with ghostly life, and for days, I learned to wield such power as ghosts
had. I dreams I used to keep company with them and shared their adventures. 
 It was in my Matric class that I laid my hands on another interesting book, "Robinson Crouse".After having gone through this book, the world was changed for me. The lovely island and fighting scenes with the savage haunted my memory.I was influenced to such an extent that I named my servant as 'Man Friday'. The next book that made an interesting study for me, was suggested by Mr. Khalid, an intimate friend of mine. The name of the book is King Solomon’s Mtnes by Rider Haggard. 
 I read the book through breathlessly. The excitement created by this book made me romantic through and through. The wonders (and terrors described by the magical pen of Rider Haggard left enchanting effect on me.  
I was introduced to H.G. Wells by one of my teachers. I feverishly read his New Utopia.This was the time when I had passed my Matriculation, and was waiting for admission to a college. The plan of moving population for the world and silent flying Island in Gulliver’s Travels. H.G. Wells pining for the stars gave me a thrilling experience. 
 For months together I remained under the influence of this book and became a utopian.
With my admission to college, I thought myself a graver and a saner person. My choice, therefore, fell on more serious authors like Carlyle and G.B.Shaw. I began my study of Carlyle with his book 'Past and Present'. The prophetic language used in this book, stunned a new reader like me. The study of his book gave me rich food for thought. 
 I now realized that it were books like these that brought about radical changes in the entire social system of England. Reverence for the past and past personalities, which had been extinct in my mind, was revived. The picture of Monk Samson drawn in the book, impressed me immensely.  
Thereafter, I studied, 'Man and Superman' by G.B.Shaw. As I had already read Iqbal's poetry, and his theory about Mard-i-Kamal. I could dig into Shaw's philosophy about Superman. For a time I totally forgot my earthly ohmit challenging all dogmas and
conventions,and produced a good deal of pleasantness among my fellow students.  
Nobody seemed to like me. Like Shaw's Superman and unlike all common men, I hated conventional morality, society and facial value of things. For me money was of no consequence and all worldly things were shams.  
During this period under Shawian influence, I propagated against morality, religion, and old types of social dogmas. I exposed the errors and vices of mankind with eloquence
Some of my colleagues, who outwardly sympathized with me, reported the matter to my parents through a letter. Consequently I received a strong admonitory letter from my father. 
 This cooled me down and made me see reason.
I must admit my weakness in being seriously influenced by good books. Books always made me feel funny. They get into head like strong wine. For sometime they make me do, and believe in, absurd things.  
I am carried away under their -influence while reading. It is in the wiser hours of my life, that I realize that books represent individual view points, which are as faulty as my own view points.
</div>

The books I like most

The books I like most Robinson cruso Outline 1-classics 2-Qurran 3- Anmol Moti” 4- Robinson Crouse 5-. King Sol...

Role of press (News papers)

Abdullah 0 essay Monday, August 04, 2014

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<h2 style="text-align: left;">
Role of press </h2>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgBBYYa2Q8jGm39AaLP_y9t4j63e2d9bNq1UCELOMBS11rWRHNvFTDUaKS7DsUrOCHNNATmGiht5YkOU_5jA9czduoPYK-VbfmebbovO5RzrcY1bVOODnUa8gSUGAi_kUvhmVZZca_19VA/s1600/news.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" loading="lazy" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgBBYYa2Q8jGm39AaLP_y9t4j63e2d9bNq1UCELOMBS11rWRHNvFTDUaKS7DsUrOCHNNATmGiht5YkOU_5jA9czduoPYK-VbfmebbovO5RzrcY1bVOODnUa8gSUGAi_kUvhmVZZca_19VA/s1600-rw/news.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">News papers</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Outline:  
1-Important role in society  
2-Awareness among the people  
3-Fair criticism  
4-Political education  
5- Attention toward important problems  
6-Informative articles  
7-International good will  
Newspaper play a very important role in the modern society.They are an index of all the political and non-political activities of a people. At the same time they influence these activities.This indicates that the press has many uses and 
significant responsibilities
The most important thing that the press does is the awareness creates among the people by giving them news of all sorts. 
 The activities and policies of the government are made known. This makes easy for every man to have his own opinion about what the government is doing. So the news not only satisfy his curiosity to know things but to judge their nature and value also. A responsible press in a free country always does this with honesty.
Another function of the press may be said to be a fair criticism of the activities of the government.  
The government in a free country does not do anything contrary to national interests. If it does so, intentionally or unintentionally the press criticizes its acts. But blind criticism is not the mark of a
responsible press. Even when different newspapers have different political sympathies,useful things done by the government should be duly praised. Such fair criticism establishes link and creates understanding between the people and the government.  
This link is an important feature of democratic state.
It follows from the above observations that the newspapers give the people political education. The awareness created among the people by the press educates their minds and makes them responsible citizens.
 A responsible press always tries to keep this requirement in view. When the press of a country poisons the minds of people by giving them wrong information and bad instruction, it abuses its power. 
Its important function is to make the people as well as the government conscious of their respective irresponsibilities. 
 The newspapers publish informative articles on all sorts of subjects. Intelligent and well-educated men are invited to express their views on vital issues of the day. These are usually written by those who have good knowledge of their subjects. This may be called the direct way of educating the readers.  
Through such articles people are informed about certain important problems which should attract their attention. 
This purpose is partially fulfilled by the editoria.It should not be supposed that the newspapers centre their attention upon national problems only. Every country is a member of the international brotherhood of nations. 
The scientific inventions have brought all the nations close together.  
It is essential that we should know what our neighbours do. Moreover, the cold war going on between blocks will have bearing on the fates of all the nations of the world! These facts increase our interest in International affairs. 
The newspaper keep us aware of what happens in other countries.  
A responsible press always tries to promoted international good-will. Its little irresponsibility might lead the world into an atomic war. 
It is obvious that the press can only be responsible and useful if it fulfils all these conditions up to this standard.  
 </div>

Role of press (News papers)

Role of press News papers Outline: 1-Important role in society 2-Awareness among the people 3-Fair criticism 4-Pol...

Social service

Abdullah 0 essay Saturday, August 02, 2014

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<h2>
Social service </h2>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9WyNFU7XNU4DpvKFMIbEuss_2i6MN1lf2CoJxlttvlVt5VmjsxdRuM0CwrR7noiUdcUXVdhf8F6ycHHln3UDeTvyTf_P36-ntlJ1T9BlyaL_u59qLLO_k4bp36e7DgSmU08Y9VhW1_Ts/s1600/social+service.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" loading="lazy" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9WyNFU7XNU4DpvKFMIbEuss_2i6MN1lf2CoJxlttvlVt5VmjsxdRuM0CwrR7noiUdcUXVdhf8F6ycHHln3UDeTvyTf_P36-ntlJ1T9BlyaL_u59qLLO_k4bp36e7DgSmU08Y9VhW1_Ts/s1600-rw/social+service.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">social service</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Outline: 
(1) Modern state  
(2) social
welfare department  
(3) social-service organizations 
(4)  Adverse 
circumstances 
(5) National organizations 
(6) Welfare of women 
 (7) Nightingale-spirit 
  
Modern society has a very complex character. The business of government, too is complex affair.So it is very difficult to define the relationship between the individual and the state.This problem has been the
deep concern of the political thinkers and social reformers. All agree that a modern state should be a welfare state. 
 The citizens should be provided with all possible facilities respectable life. In most of the modern countries, there is an exclusive social
welfare department which deals with the business of social welfare. In our 
country too, this department exists both in the centre and province. But there is a limit to the activities and influence the governing department, the main obstacle being shortage of funds. 
 Keeping in view the need of social welfare the existence of private social-service organizations
becomes clear. These services are voluntary.
Social service as said before means service done to the society voluntarily. Its basis is a feeling of sympathy and humanness. Certain sensitive people feel that there are a number of people around them who struggle against hard of life and often remain unhappy. They
contribute and collect funds and help the needy in many ways.  
This is an
attempt to relieve people from suffering all alone. The helping hand of the social-service people brings relief to many a helpless men. Imagine the condition of a lonely man without any friends or supporters. He is crushed under the weight of misfortune But when a stranger a helping hand to him, and alleviates his suffering he finds some attraction in life..  
The need of social service becomes still more important we know
that the individual has to fight harder than before against adverse 
circumstances. Sometimes he lives with bare necessities of life and needs some comforts. This can be provided in many ways by the social service organizations. We can discuss the different forms of social service to show its need and importance.
The standard of living in our country is not very high.  
There are people who live in very bad hygienic conditions. Their income is poor with which they have to support big families. The result is that diseases attack these poor people with great force. They are the favourite victims of T.B., malaria and epidemics Being poor, they cannot get good medical facilities. The government's dispensaries cannot meet fully all the demands.  
It is at this stage that the importance of social service is understood. Some charitable organizations of wealthy persons run dispensaries which give the people free medical aid. The needy people are given medicine and prescriptions .
There are many people who have no facilities of entertainment. There is dearth of parks and playing grounds. Some parks and playing grounds are not worthy to be used The social welfare organizations
to make the parks and playing grounds attractive.  
Particularly,things of
children's interest are provided. For the sober and mature people local libraries are run without demanding any membership fee.
Some social service is done by some national organizations.A lot of service is done for the welfare of women and children by APWA.  
This organization is devoted to the cause of the welfare of women. Many industrial schools and other educational institutions are run. Similarly there are some important Anjumans that do a lot in the educational field. They run schools and colleges. Not less important are those associations that help the poor and needy students with books and funds.  
These are some of the major forms of social service. It is deeply rooted in our tradition. The Holy Prophet (S.A.W.) laid great stress upon social service. He urged his followers to do anything possible for the welfare of their brethren. This practice was accepted in all ages. 
 Even in the Western countries, the social service is looked upon with respect and admiration. As we are passing through a transitionary period of progress, so the need of social service is very great. A nightingale-spirit is required to become a social worker.
</div>

Social service

Social service social service Outline: (1) Modern state (2) social welfare department (3) social-service org...

Student unions in colleges

Abdullah 0 essay Friday, August 01, 2014

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<h3 style="text-align: left;">
STUDENT UNIONS </h3>
 
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7HdjwcMOaoGbx7PCfvmYbX0nW_9G7His1hL4OpBiIi0EY6FQQ4M77w2DyZ5uIq0J_j662F69ZMB7f7PKu9Za6EHMa1vgtrn5yW5SS8HsTl6fYX6drMcN8N6rQ9ZKT8x7_ndHBfc1-374/s1600/student+union.jpg" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" loading="lazy" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7HdjwcMOaoGbx7PCfvmYbX0nW_9G7His1hL4OpBiIi0EY6FQQ4M77w2DyZ5uIq0J_j662F69ZMB7f7PKu9Za6EHMa1vgtrn5yW5SS8HsTl6fYX6drMcN8N6rQ9ZKT8x7_ndHBfc1-374/s1600-rw/student+union.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">student union</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Outline: 
(1) Industrial revolution  
(2) Acts as barrier  
(3) Practical solution  
(4) study tours  
(5) creating confidence  
(6) Fund raising  
(7) Making societies  
In eighteenth century an industrial revolution came in the world. With .this revolution the labourers formed trade unions to struggle for their rights collectively. This trend found its way in students. Today students have their unions in most of colleges and universities throughout the world.  
These are elected by the students themselves. They perform the following duties. 
Firstly, it solves the students problems and acts as a bridge between the students and principal. It brings the problems of the students into the kind notice of the Principal.  
Being students themselves the college union workers can understand students’ problems directly and at first hand they are wise and intelligent they can suggest practical
solutions to these problems. For example, how-a-days we find a permanent tussle between transporters and students.  
The office-bearers solve this problem with the help of administration. Moreover, the other difficulties of the students pertaining to college library, office, hostel and sports are also solved by the union properly.
Secondly, Unions arrange study tours and excursions.  
Such tours enhance the knowledge and understanding of the students. They provide them a kind of training to live away from family for sometime and live with friends.  
It inculcates confidence in them.
Thirdly,, it arranges matches between its own college and other colleges of the city and outside with funds, raised it for this purpose.
Fourthly, the college union makes different societies in college.  
For
example, debating society, dramatic society, Oliterary society . These societies bring the hidden qualities of the students to surface. Such students sharpen their qualities and prove more successful in practical. College magazine is also brought out every month.
There are many benefits of the students unions. But at the same time we find many demerits of these unions. 
</div>

Student unions in colleges

STUDENT UNIONS student union Outline: (1) Industrial revolution (2) Acts as barrier (3) Practical solution (4) st...

Toleration

Abdullah 0 essay Friday, August 01, 2014

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<h2 style="text-align: left;">
TOLERATION </h2>
 
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgAn47r-Qq_Z_Yb8lt3fnmF_Lz-dF-ZZmJBJWw5FFcLPsKtT9UuHrsYWxvsQ0qMVoCHi_bj2RNMRcrGj0eRixld51fwkkPsWrY8MwAnXR7RFVYX7YgldF0a2jwiIfEmmF02i_6c3oPRT7s/s1600/toleration.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" loading="lazy" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgAn47r-Qq_Z_Yb8lt3fnmF_Lz-dF-ZZmJBJWw5FFcLPsKtT9UuHrsYWxvsQ0qMVoCHi_bj2RNMRcrGj0eRixld51fwkkPsWrY8MwAnXR7RFVYX7YgldF0a2jwiIfEmmF02i_6c3oPRT7s/s1600-rw/toleration.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Toleration</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Outline:  
(1) Men are different from each other  
(2) We should agree  
(3) Religious matter  
(4) Independence of thought  
(5) Moral philosophy  
(6) spirit of tolerance  
Men differ from each other in disposition, inclination,manners, and opinions as they do in face and form. They are not made in the same mould. Among the people of different countries the gulf of difference is still wider.  
We have, in addition, different sentiments, different sympathies,different aims and ambitions,different way altogether. It has always been so and will remain so.
As all men with different minds and views have to live together, it behaves them to cultivate a generous Inspirit of tolerance towards one another. Irrespective of race, caste, creed and religion we should bear with them.  
Even where we are convinced to that the other person is in the wrong if we know him to be sincere, we should accommodate him. He deserves to be given credit for his sincerity.
The highest virtue of toleration lies in the fact that we bear with others when we may differ with one about a point, we can, at least agree to differ from him. It is just possible that we may commit the same errors or have the same shortcomings, and that we ourselves need the same forbearance and sympathy.  
People least tolerate one another in religious matters. Religious
toleration is wanting even in the European countries which claim to be
better civilized than the rest of the world. A few centuries ago religious persecution
was resorted to in England. Now things have changed a bit. In the
backward oriental countries people of one sect have no trust in the people of
another sect.  
They do not wish well each other, when they meet on the side of the road.
They probably think that the other sect has not the right to worship God as they wish. In
doing so they deliberately ignore a patent fact,that God has
simply directed the mind and spirit with which, He is to be worshipped.  
The particular
form and manner of worship is left to the choice of the individual.
Religious intolerance leads to quite a number of evils. 
Hampers free thought, free mind and free action. Man's most valued, rights; his
independence of thought and expression are taken away from him.  
The calamity is all
the more disastrous when it inflicts the nations. It narrows clown their sympathies, checks
their progress and if overindulged, ruins them altogether. Fostering unreasonable 
hatreds and prejudices against others poisons the very personality of
those who do it.  
A good man will, as much as possible, strive to forget his
individuality and learn to study the excellences of persons and parties to whom he is naturally opposed.
It is not wise to condemn large classes and sections of our fellow beings; that sort of talk sounds big, but is in fact petty.  
If a man is talked against by the world, it may be your better judgement which recognizes his true worth. People are in the habit of talking against many of the best men in certain circumstances; but it does not mean that in that way the great men are shorn of their greatness.  
Look towards them with the eye of a brother, and you may find the best that is in them. To do this is the true moral philosophy the best human riches.
But the spirit of toleration is as necessary in the small as in the great things of life. Even school boys have frequent opportunities for the exercise of that spirit.  
The spirit of toleration, if not inculcated from early age, might degenerate persons to mere fanatics and bigots whose pale of sympathy does not exceed beyond themselves. It is a folly to expect everybody to think.  
Reasons influence one’s thinking to a great extent. It is just possible that the person who thinks otherwise may have different reasons from his speculations. We should not, therefore, attempt to punish others with our intolerance because they do not happen to see as we see, or think as we think.  
What could be a worse persecution? Great are the words which somebody has said to teach us toleration. "Never be angry with any person merely because you cannot persuade him to change his opinion; and above all, never do him any injury hesitate about doing him good, because his opinions and yours are different. </div>

Toleration

TOLERATION Toleration Outline: (1) Men are different from each other (2) We should agree (3) Religious matter (4) ...

Politics and students

Abdullah 0 essay Friday, August 01, 2014

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<h2 style="text-align: left;">
STUDENTS AND POLITICS</h2>
 
 
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjKGFRGaOuiMZEsibhiaaS1WDNz_-bu3lOxBV7WeqK0J5_fRtWl6A_7R-6Ic8VEbLr8YoEG68bPn8PNaef8zvmOT4OQGVP2rxkfqbzPothMDU9ZsrQ-7E9di-oB9m0Gx_0HW46eDNVuWTY/s1600/politics.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="132" loading="lazy" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjKGFRGaOuiMZEsibhiaaS1WDNz_-bu3lOxBV7WeqK0J5_fRtWl6A_7R-6Ic8VEbLr8YoEG68bPn8PNaef8zvmOT4OQGVP2rxkfqbzPothMDU9ZsrQ-7E9di-oB9m0Gx_0HW46eDNVuWTY/s1600-rw/politics.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">students and politics</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
 
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
 Outline: 
 (1) Students must take interest in politics  
(2) They should not take interest  
(3) Politics,a fishy game  
(4) Wastage of money  
(5) Immature period of life  
(6) Spoil of life 
(7) Role in independence  
 People hold diametrically of posed views regarding the role of students in active politics. A group of people think that the students are the cream and the future hope the nation. On their shoulders rests
the fate of the nation. It is unjustified to keep them away from the political affairs of the country. 
 They must know what is happening in the political field, inside and outside the country. They should have a proper knowledge of political affairs of own country and other countries. Then they can become good leaders in future. 
The Other group absolutely differs with this mode of thinking. It holds that every station in life has its particular functions, duties and obligations. Politics is a highly fishy game. It is a time consuming pastime which calls for total commitment and concentration. Those students who are engaged in practical politics find very little time left for their studies.  
They are all the time thinking of things other than their books. In this way they lose a golden opportunity of making their career. They waste the hard earned money of their parents.
Moreover student's age is considered an immature period of life.lt is easy to mislead them. So some political parties make a cat's paw of students to serve their ulterior motives.  
The clever politicians use them as tools and spoil their iives.
The arguments of both the groups are weighty and logical, But the crux of the problem is whether we can keep the students isolated from political activities altogether.  
If we have a look upon movements of independence, we will come to know that the students play the most significant role in it. It is a fact that edifice of many countries was raised with the untiring efforts of the students.  
In my opinion is in the interest of the students to make the bast use of
their precious time by paying attention to their academic work, But if their motherland needs their vigour and enthusiasm they should respond it instantly. –

</div>

Politics and students

STUDENTS AND POLITICS students and politics Outline: (1) Students must take interest in politics (2) They should not t...

A Foolish stag

Abdullah 0 Fun for kids Saturday, July 12, 2014

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Foolish Stag 
A Foolish stag was lived in a jungle.Jungle was very leafy and there was green grass and trees every where. He was taking rest on the soft and cold grass.One day a hunter shot a fire on him and he was injured. He could not walk properly.He was lied on the soft green grass.Meanwhile a hare came there . 
 <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJ3GV9tWZyRRmI54ed9zAi2cAkVwtx8-aqp8y__n-eXdm2HYzJWiMdoK13KoGLXgqcIh2xKdOi87zqNkg0YRNDnGMv1wRqM5MOyD15vidcXKMkqrQmMV8_L561r8mvrVLxjH31hR6AY4M/s1600/stag.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" loading="lazy" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJ3GV9tWZyRRmI54ed9zAi2cAkVwtx8-aqp8y__n-eXdm2HYzJWiMdoK13KoGLXgqcIh2xKdOi87zqNkg0YRNDnGMv1wRqM5MOyD15vidcXKMkqrQmMV8_L561r8mvrVLxjH31hR6AY4M/s1600-rw/stag.png" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">foolish stag</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
 
When he saw that stag was lying on the grass and could not move properly ,he became happyy.He thought that stag would not forbid him from eating grass.He came slowly near the stag.He said ,''I am very sorry to see you in this condition ,"I am coming here to see you''.So rabbit regularly ate grass and talked with stag.Other animals also knew about the injury of stag. They also choosed the same way . 
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7j-wfM2XwxxqteIMRfGnFQjzRK03z3TSNEU26Ke62mwc0IaMcgGDxKqSE96BVTYFzUdClioHgUfVzQs19k53yD4Ub3ZTqnTj2nYM5lY-gjbH6thJaN4o45ib4aSaH7tcraXjjkzpG394/s1600/rabbit.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" loading="lazy" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7j-wfM2XwxxqteIMRfGnFQjzRK03z3TSNEU26Ke62mwc0IaMcgGDxKqSE96BVTYFzUdClioHgUfVzQs19k53yD4Ub3ZTqnTj2nYM5lY-gjbH6thJaN4o45ib4aSaH7tcraXjjkzpG394/s1600-rw/rabbit.png" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">clever rabbit</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
They all came daily,showed their symphty to stag and ate grass from the grassland.Stag was very happy.He thought these animals came to see him .After some days grass from the grassland finished.There was not so much grass that could eaten by the stag itself. Stag was very worried about this condition . 
 When grass was eliminated,animals also left to come there.One day a traveller passed by the stag ,He saw stag in that conition.He went near him and asked about his condiyion. Stag said,''I am injured,Allanimals of jungle came to see me .But when grass was eliminated they left to come there. 
Traveller laughed at stag's talk. He said ,''friend you are very foolish.""Animals of jungle were not interested in you ,They did not come to see you but they all were selfish,they only came to eat grass.When grass was eliminated they all had gone.Stag was much ashamed to hear it. He promise that he would take care always and beware of such kind of selfish frriends.</div>

A Foolish stag

Foolish Stag A Foolish stag was lived in a jungle.Jungle was very leafy and there was green grass and trees every where. He was taking res...

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Educational Wealth

solved assighnments:compulsory English-1423,aiou-spring 2014-1st

solved Assighnments: Basic of ICT -1431-spring 2014

Why boys fail in college

Funny story (A man,who was a hospital)

Hungar and population explosion

The books I like most

Role of press (News papers)

Social service

Student unions in colleges

Toleration

Politics and students

A Foolish stag

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