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Compulsory English I Code :1423 2nd BA/BS Spring 2014
Assignment No 2
Q.l Unit 5 teaches you how to express certainty and uncertainty. In its section A, page 145 degrees of certainty (complete, strong, less strong) are given with appropriate vocabulary for expressing them. Use these words and make complete sentences. (10)
Ans:
i) Certainly: I certainly never expected to become a writer.
ii) Definitely: He definitely needs a holiday
iii)Clearly: I wasn't thinking clearly.
iv) Undoubtedly: Universities undoubtedly will have concerns
about such a program.
v) Probably: It's probably the best movie I have ever seen.
vi) Presumably: It's raining, which presumably means that your football match will be cancelled.
vii) Likely: Young drivers are far more likely to have accidents than older drivers.
viii) Unlikely: The weather is unlikely to improve over the next few days.
ix) Possibly not: This last task is possibly not the most difficult.
x) Perhaps not: ' I don't think you understand.' 'Well, perhaps not. Q.2
In Unit 5 page 148, obligatory words are explained and examples are given. A paragraph is given to you from which, you have to select obligatory words and use them in your own sentences. (10)
Ans: Responsibilities are what people have to do. A responsibility of a citizen would be to obey the law. People, who do not obey the law, are not only hurting themselves but others too. When people break the law they get into trouble. Our government makes rules to make it easier for us all to live together. We call these rules law. Parents make rules to keep you safe from dangerous people or places. Police officers' responsibility or duty is td make sure people don't break laws and live safely. Teachers and principals make rules and it is the responsibility of students’to follow these rules. If there weren't any rules at schools, how could anyone get education?
i) Responsibilities: The Minister will have responsibility for coordinating childcare policy.
ii) Obey: Soldiers are expected to obey orders without questioning them.
iii) Rule: If you break the rules, it just spoilsThe whole game.
iv) Law: Elected officials ought to obey the law. .
iv) Duty: Local authorities have a duty to keep the streets clean.
v) Follow: Most EU countries have signed the agreement and the
US is expected to follow shortly
Q.3
Unit 5, Section B deals with active and passive voice. Some sentences are given below. We want you to change the passive voice into active voice and the active voice into passive voice.
(10)
Ans:
i) Sara rescued three cats.
Three cats were rescued by Sara.
ii) The students handed in the reports.
The reports were handedby students .
iii) Is the DVD recorder repaired by the mechanic?
Does the mechanic repair the DVD recorder?
iv) Ali learned the poem.
The poem was learned by Ali.
v) The car will be taken by them.
They will take the car.
vi) Sidra has forgotten the book.
The book has been forgotten by the Sidra.
vii) The match had been lost by the girls.
The girls had lost the match.
viii) The teacher is not going to open the door.
The door is not going to be open by the teacher.
ix) Handball has been played by them.
They have played handball.
x) Lunch is being taken by them.
They are taking lunch.
Q.4
Unit 6 explains the uses of and difference between preference and intentional words. Some common objects and verbs are given bellow. Use them in sentences utilizing preferences as well as intentional words. J. Prefer, rather have, like - than, would like to choose, would opt. Intend to , plan to, aim to, goal
i) Football: I aim to organize my football team after completion of
my studies.
ii) Studying: I opted studying literature than stories.
iii) Sister: I would prefer my sister to take admission in computer
science rather than commerce.
iv) Milk: I love drinking milk rather than any soft drink.
v) Walking: I intend to walk daily before breakfast and after
dinner.
vi) Driving: I am going to take admission in driving school after
exams.
vii) Study: I am thinking for combine study well before the
commencement of exams.
viii) Reciting: I love reciting the Holy Quran in the morning and
in all my free time throughout the day.
ix) Beef: I always give priority to mutton upon beef.
x) Fish: I always to like eat fish than any other sort of meat.
Q.5
Unit 7 deals with "asking, giving and refusing permission". For this purpose different words and expressions are suggested in the Unit. You have to make complete sentences using the words and expressions given on page 219 and 220. (10)
Ans:
i) All right you can enjoy the company of your friend.
ii) Of course you may attend the marriage party.
iii) I have no objection if she lends you her laptop.
iv) Go ahead; it is the deed of virtue.
v) Certainly you can join the cricket academy after exams.
vi) No problem; I allow him to go to village.
vii) Actually, I'd rather you didn't.
viii) I’m sorry son. I’m going to have to say no.
ix) Sorry you can't have my camera as I am using it myself.
x) I am sure,you will pass the exam.
Q.6
In Unit 7, Section D, techniques for writing an essay have been explained to you. We want you to make an essay of around 300 words arguing on the usefulness of computer applications in education in the 21st century. (20)
Ans: Today, computers are used all over the world. We can find computers in houses, schools, offices, factories, companies and many other places. They are very useful to us as they can be used for many purposes.
They have come to play an important role in our daily lives. So, we can say that the 21st Century is the age of computers and every student should have the knowledge of computer. The use of computers today, is not restricted to only office desktops or laptops. In a matter of fact, computers are used in our daily lives ranging from appliances to car engines and video games thereby making it one of the most important asset in our lives with the education system not an exception when it comes to computers.
The growth of the computer industry has sky-rocket over the past few years and has been quiet remarkable. Today, it is the fastest growing industry in our economy.
Many schools are now equipped with computers for educating their students thereby making computers an integral part of education system. Information Technology classes are also added as a "bonus" to enhance the students' skill in using a computer.
Teachers and professors use computers for teaching, giving presentations, assessing various data banks, maintaining database of students, communication in the form of e mails or chat, browsing the Internet and to prepare students with the reality &. integrity to have a competitive edge in the global job market.
Computers have revolutionized teaching and learning in a big way. They can watch various films on history, geography, wild life, science and encyclopedias with the use of computers to enhance the students' learning experience with great sound and excellent picture quality and commentaries on Compact Discs' cr DVD's as well as from the internet.
The use of computers also includes the use of internet which has widen the education system to even more possibilities. The internet: provides a great deal of access through various information on any subject or research and any other technical information with ease. Moreover, a computer is patient and non-judgmental, which can give the student motivation to continue learning.
According to studies conducted, the effectiveness of computers used for instruction, students usually learn more in less time when receiving computer-based instructions.
Q.7
Unit 8, Section B deals with indirect or reported speech.
Understanding the Unit you have to make few sentences in direct speech and then convert the same sentences into indirect speech. The theme of your sentences should be your family. (10)
Ans:
- The father said, "He will buy new car".
- The father announced that he would buy new car.
- The grandmother said to Akram, "Work hard to get succeeded in exams".
- The grandmother advised Akram to work hard to get succeeded in exams.
- Uncle said, "Aunt has arrived in Pakistan yesterday".
- Uncle told that Aunt had arrived in Pakistan the previous day.
- My cousin said," "I have just finished my studies".
- My cousin told that he had just finished his studies.
- The mother said, "She has planned to visit Lake View Park next week".
- The mother informed that she had planned to visit Lake View Park next week.
- My sister said to me, "Are you seeing Arsalan tomorrow?"
- My sister asked me if I was seeing Arsalan next day.
Unit 9 explains the uses of expressions of advice and suggestion. We want you to suggest and advice few health care tips (at least ten) to your friend who is a chain smoker. (10)
Ans:
If you've tried to quit smoking and failed, don't worry because most smokers failed several times before quitting successfully. The first thing you should do is that you must set a quit smoking deadline and I suggest that you should stick to that deadline. Why don't you tell your family, friends and co-workers that you're going to quit and that you want their support.
How about asking them not to smoke around you. Another thing I'd strongly recommend is that you better change your environment that is, you ought to get rid of all cigarettes and ashtrays in your home, car, and place of work, You must change your routine, and may I propose that you must do different things that will occupy your mind and divert your attention form smoking.
I know that since you're addicted to smoking, you might feel stressed out and my suggestion would be to do some physical exercise, drink a lot of water and other fluids. vli. How about reading books, adopting a hobby? If I were in your position I'd plan something enjoyable to do every day. Talk to someone, go for a walk, or get busy with a task. viii. Remember that one you quit, don't smoke not even a puff.
You can quit even if you've failed several times in the past, understand that this is normal. You are not alone. Until you get rid off completely, with immediate effect you if you smoke strong cigarettes, you should change to milder one. You should also try and reduce the number of cigarettes you smoke each day.
Q.9
In Unit 9 Section C, difference between facts and opinions is explained to you. Write a paragraph about the education system of Pakistan giving some facts and some opinions that you know.
(10)
Ans: Pakistan is placed at 136th position for having just 49.9% educated population. In addition to that, Pakistan is ranked at 113th out of 120 registered UN members according to the research conducted by UNESCO. Some of the very basic flaws of the education system in Pakistan contribute to the economic, ethnic and socio-political crisis within the country.
Firstly, the education system of Pakistan is based on unequal lines. Medium of education is different in both, public and private sectors. This creates a sort'of disparity among people, dividing them into two segments.
Such a distraught infrastructure is the basic cause of high illiteracy rate in Pakistan and high drop outs rate in rural areas and public schools.
Secondly, regional disparity is also a major cause. The schools in Baluchistan are not that much groomed as that of Punjab. In FATA, the literacy rate is deplorable constituting 29.5% in males and 3% in females.
The third major cause of flawed education system in Pakistan is gender discrimination. The current primary school ratio of boys and girls is 10:4, which is a cause of a big concern.
Fourthly, the lack of technical education is a biggest flaw in the education policy that has never been focused. Therefore, less technical people means low standard of education.
Fifthly, the allocation of funds for education is very low. It is only 1.5 to 2.0 percent of the total GDP. It should be around 7% of the total GDP.
At that budget allocation, the illiteracy rate in Pakistan would not increase but rather it will go on decreasing. The Federal and Provincial governments need to cut down their expenditures in other areas and spend a bigger proportion of budget allocations on education.
With the advent of private education system, especially in smaller cities and towns since 1990s, the government sector education system seems to have been absolved of its responsibility to impart education to children. The government'sector education system has now reduced to only cater for the need of employment of teachers who ultimately land in performing election duties once in three or five years but not without partisan role towards one candidate or the other. This has result in ever increasing illiteracy in country.
The white collar segment which could have been opinion maker with a role of watchdog over the performance of public sector have become oblivious of the existence of this sector as most of them send their children to private schools.
Sending children to public sector schools has become a social stigma for well off parents. This has also created a situation wherein only the poor parents can send their children to government schools.
On the other hand, the private education system has gone into the hands of mediocre people to make fortunes of this new business. Most of government teachers have been associated with this business.
Although they are providing outlets for children's education, yet no quality education is available to children. The parents face disappointment even after paying hefty fees for sending their children to private schools when it comes to the merit and real competition in the practical lives of their children.
All this mismanagement in the education system has converted the nation into a mob and one of the biggest illiterate societies in the world.
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