1st solved assignment Foreign Policy of Pakistan (6492) Semester: Autumn, 2019 aiou

Course: Foreign Policy of Pakistan (6492) Autumn, 2019

Level: B.Ed. Total Marks: 100
Pass Marks: 50
                                                               ASSIGNMENT No. 1
(Units: 1–4)
Q.1 Keeping in view the demands of the international politics, discuss objectives of current foreign policy of Pakistan. (20)
Q.2 Describe the factors in detail on which the foreign policy of Pakistan is determinated. (20)
Q.3 The ‘South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation, (SAARC) had contributed a great role for peace keeping in the region. Discuss. (20)
Q.4 ‘China and Pakistan are the friends of all weathers’. Do you agree with the statement? Discuss, then also write down justify the reasons. (20)
Q.5 Discuss the role and structure of the General Assembly of the United Nations. (20)

Q.1 Keeping in view the demands of the international politics, discuss objectives of current foreign policy of Pakistan.

Ans:
Pakistan's Foreign Policy seeks to protect and advance Pakistan's national interests in the comity of nations.Quaid-e-Azam observed: “Our objective should be peace within and without.
The objectives of foreign policy can be summarized as:
Promotion of Pakistan as a dynamic, progressive, and democratic Islamic country.
contribution to the peace and prosperity of the world.
The foreign policy of Pakistan sets out in the way it interacts with foreign nations, It determine its standard of interactions for its organizations, corporations and individual citizens. Backed by the semi-agricultural and semi-industrialized economy.Pakistan is the 42nd largest and 23rd largest (purchasing) economic power and 6th largest military in the world.with a defence budget of US$11.4,
The Foreign Minister of Pakistan is the official charged with state-to-state diplomacy, although the Prime minister maintains an ultimate authority over foreign policy.
The state foreign policy includes defining the national interest, as well as the economic interest and strategies chosen both to safeguard that and to achieve its policy goals.
Following the general election held on May 2013, Tariq Fatimi and NSA Sartaj Aziz were designated as advisers to the Prime Minister on foreign and strategic policies. After the dismissal of Nawaz Sharif's government in July 2017, Khawaja Asif held the portfolio of foreign minister under the premiership of Khaqan Abbasi.After the victory of Imran Khan in the Pakistan General Elections 2018, Shah Mehmood Qureshi was named the Minister of Foreign Affairs.
Foreign policy objectives:
1st Objective: Safeguarding Pakistan’s internal Security by adopting a non-interference policy in other countries.
“Safeguarding Pakistan’s internal security is the first foreign policy objective,” Mr Aziz stated, adding that pursuing a policy of non-interference in other countries’ affairs was also a primary goal.
2- Economic revival of the country to gain diplomatic upper hand.
“The second objective is economic revival and sustainable development as with a weak economy you cannot achieve foreign policy objectives.
3-Establishing Cordial relations with all the Neighbors.
The third objective is a peaceful neighborhood; you cannot achieve economic revival if you have trouble with your neighbors.
4: Converting Pakistan’s Geo-Strategic location into its Biggest Asset.
“The fourth objective is taking Pakistan’s Geo-strategic location from liability to asset,” said Mr Aziz, while observing that connectivity between China and South Asia was key to achieving these goals.
Pakistan’s Foreign Policy on Kashmir:
Referring to Kashmir, Sartaj Aziz said it is “our duty to give the people of Kashmir diplomatic and moral support”, while adding that “we hope India realizes that its economic goals cannot be achieved” unless Pakistan is on board. “India remains a question mark, but we are not giving up — it is up to India to respond. We hope to continue to strive for dialogue with India with no preconditions.

Q.2 Describe the factors in detail on which the foreign policy of Pakistan is determinated.

 Ans:

Factors of Foreign Policy.

1. Size of State Territory:
The size of a state is an important factor . Size influences the psychological environment
big powers and they have better chances of becoming big powers in international relations.
within which the foreign policy-makers and public respond.
2-Natural resources
The natural resources and the food production  of a nation is directly linked with
its geography. These factors are also important  in the formulation and implementation of foreign policy. Adequate existence of vital natural resources ,minerals, food and energy resources ,have been helping factors of  foreign policies.
3. Nature of Economic Development:
One of the main reasons why the US Foreign Policy has been very often successful in securing its national objectives, particularly in relation to the poor and economically lowly placed states of the world is the high degree of its economic development.
The level of economic development also determines the scope of relations that a nation wishes to establish . The Foreign Policy of Japan in the contemporary times is directly related to its economic development. The military preparedness  of a nation is again directly related to the factor of economic development . Only industrially developed nations can hope to become major and stable military powers.
Economic power constitutes a fundamental dimension of national power in contemporary times and at present; it can be used  for securing foreign policy goals.
4. Cultural  Factors:
The cultural heritage and the history of a nation are again important  factors of its Foreign Policy. The norms that characterize the life of the people of a state are highly influential factors of its foreign policy. During the process of interpreting  the objectives of national interest, the decision makers are always governed by their cultural links, historical traditions and experiences.
5. Social Structure:
The structure and nature of the society for which the foreign policy operates is also an important element. The nature of social groups and the degree of conflict and harmony that characterize their mutual relations are determined by the social structure. A society characterised by strong internal conflict and strife acts as a source of weakness for the foreign policy.
6. Government Structure:
The organisation and structure of government i.e. the organisational agencies which handle the foreign policy-making and implementation is another important element of foreign policy. The shape of the foreign policy is also determined by the fact as to whether the government agencies handling it are democratically constituted or not.
Whether the authority relations are decision-making is free and open. The government officials also act as decision makers and this factor  influences the formulation of foreign policy. Foreign policy of a nation has to adapt to the environment and  In a centralized and authoritarian system, the foreign policy can remain  isolated from the domestic environment.
7. Internal Situation:
Like the external situational factors, sudden changes, disturbances  that occur within the internal environment of a nation also influence the nature and course of foreign policy.
Since the Foreign Policy of a nation is made and implemented by leaders, and diplomats, naturally it bears an imprint of their values, talents, experiences and personalities.
8=independent determinant of Foreign Policy
Factor is an independent determinant of Foreign Policy. Leaders are always guided by the dictates and demands of national interest. Each leader is committed to the securing of national interests of the it. The vital interests of the nations are a source of continuity.
9. Political Accountability:
A political system which is both responsive to and responsible before the people, works in a different environment than the political system which is a closed system i.e., a system which is neither open nor accountable to the people.
10. Ideology:
Foreign Policy is a set of principles and a strategic plan of action adopted by a nation to fulfill the goals of national interest. It has always an ideological content. For securing support for its goal as well as for criticizing the foreign policy goals of other nations, it needs and adopts an ideology or some ideological principles.
11. Diplomacy:
Diplomacy is the instrument by which foreign policy of a nation travels beyond its borders and establishes contacts with other nations.
The modes of operation and quality of diplomacy always affect the operational quality and efficiency of a foreign policy. In the late 1960s the contacts between India and Chinese diplomats helped the emergence of a definite trend towards normalization of Sino- Indian relations.
12. International Power Structure:
The relations that nations establish among themselves are backed by their respective national interests . The net effect is that international relations constitute a power structure in which the more powerful nations.
13. Public Opinion:
Public Opinion, is another important input of Foreign Policy. Decision-makers of each nation have to accept and give due place to the opinion of the people they represent to the World Public Opinion. The decision-makers as leaders have to lead the public yet they also have to accommodate the demands of public opinion.
The real strength behind the objectives of Arms Control and Nuclear Disarmament, Anti- colonialism, Anti-apartheid policies of various nations, has been the World Public Opinion..
14. Technology:
The application of the knowledge of scientific inventions to practical and useful purposes leads to technology. The level of technological development and the nature of technical know-how are important elements of foreign policy. Highly advanced technology has been a major factor of the strength of the foreign policies of the major powers
The rise of France, China, Germany and India are the classic examples of the change that technological development can bring about in the role of a nation in international relations. Technology is, however, a relatively less stable element of foreign

Q.3 The ‘South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation, (SAARC) had contributed a great role for peace keeping in the region. Discuss. 

Ans:

                                                      Q:4                                                                    

                                                                       Q:5

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