World’s regions(Zones)

Equatorial Region(Zone) 

This Zone includes countries of Indonesia, Southern Malaysia and Singapore (Asia), the Congo Basin, Guinea and Kenya (Africa) and the greater part of the Amazon Basin (South America). The rays of the sun shine down almost directly in the equatorial region throughout the year and temperature is uniformly high. 
There is practically no change in the length of the day and the night throughout the year and also no change of seasons. Throughout the year, the sun rises about 6 A.M. and sets about 6 P.M. 
However, the temperature of earth drops at night by a few degrees. Rain falls almost throughout the year but is especially heavy from April to October. Most of the rain falls in thunder showers that comes almost every afternoon, the hottest part of the day. The equatorial region offers ideal conditions for the profuse growth of vegetation. 
That accounts for the thick undergrowth and the forest giants of the Amazon and Congo Basins. The struggle in these forests is not for moisture, but for light and air. This forces the trees to shoot up sometimes to a height of 65 metres. 
They are so close together that they are almost unbranched, except at the top. In the rain forests wild animals like the tiger, the leopard and the elephant are found. Many of the animals in these areas, like the gorillas of West Africa, are tree dwellers. Others, like the crocodiles and the hippopotamus live in rivers or by the side of rivers. Farming is one of the most important occupation of the region. Indonesia and Malaysia are Muslim countries. Most of the people are hard-working farmers. They have cleared large tracts of the forest and raised valuable crops. Both countries are rich in mineral wealth. Sudan is the most important country of this zone. Other lands in the region are; Niger, a part of Nigeria, Tanzania and Zimbabwe (Africa), southern Brazil and Paraguay (South America) and northern Australia. 

Tropical region 

The Tropical Grasslands lie on both sides of the equatorial forests. The zone is bounded by equatorial forests on one side and by hot deserts on the other. The interior of the region gets moderate rains in summer. Summers are long and hot. Winters are short and cool. Woollen clothing is never needed. Soon after the rains begin, grass starts shooting up in clumps. Trees, like the acacia and eucalyptus, that can withstand the dry season, can be seen here and there, single or in groups. Clusters of trees can be seen on the banks of streams. These trees shed leaves in the' cool dry season. African grass lands are the home of hoofed animals like the antelopes, giraffes, buffaloes, zebras and elephants. There are also wild beasts like the lions, leopards and hyenas. The ostrich and emu are also found in this region. Stock-raising is the traditional occupation. In Australia and South America stock-rearing is done on modern lines. Tinned meat, butter and hides are exported in large quantities. Many people have taken to agriculture and lead settled life. Parts of Sudan irrigated by the Nile have become rich farm lands. Cotton, sugar-cane and maize are the chief crops of the region. Brazil produces coffee. In drier areas millets and ground-nuts are the chief crops. 

Monson region 

 The monsoon region comprises Pakistan, Bharat, Bangladesh, Myanmar,- and the Tropic of Capricorn are hot deserts. Lack of water makes the vast tracts of desert lands treeless. However, the soil .only needs irrigation to make it fertile. Where water can be had from underground supplies, an oasis springs up. People settle around it. Green grass and clusters of date-palms grow and cultivation is carried on. In other cases, water is got from rivers like the Nile in Egypt and the Indus in Pakistan. Minerals: The desert region is rich in mineral wealth. This has persuaded man to settle in such regions as Western Australia for, gold, Mountain States of the US for various minerals, the Atacama Desert for copper and nitrates, Libya and the Arabian peninsula for mineral oil. 

Mediterranean Region

 The Mediterranean is a closed sea, separating Europe from Africa, Lands surrounding this sea have the Mediterranean type of climate i.e., rainy winters and dry summers. The Mediterranean region includes Portugal, southern Spain, Italy, Greece, western Turkey, Israel, northern Algeria and Tunisia. Outside these lands of the Mediterranean, the region is limited to the West Coast areas like Central California, Central Chile, the South-West of South Africa and South-west Australia are also part of this region. 
The climate of the region has a peculiarity of its own. Winters in the region are rainy, cool and pleasant. Summers are dry and hot, but not too hot. The climate, on the whole, is mild. People of Northern Europe often flock to Mediterranean lands to escape the gloom and intense cold of their winters. Vegetation in the region is adapted to withstand the summer drought. Some of the plants, like the lemon and the orange have thick barks and glossy leaves to resist evaporation. Some, like the vine, have long roots to draw up sub­soil moisture; There are no forests and no pasture-lands for cattle. Wheat, barely, olive, vine, oranges, lemons and grape-fruits are widely cultivated. Citrus fruits’ and olive are among the chief exports of the region. This region occupies the interior of Canada and Russia. From Siberia the region extends into European Russia. The region is bound on the north by cool forests, and on the South by cold, dry lands. Rainfall varies from moderate to light. Winters are intensely cold and summers quite warm. Tender grass is the chief Vegetation of the region.
 Tropical grass-lands produce tall, tough grasses suitable only for cattle. Grasses in the ‘cool temperate grasslands’ are tender, equally liked by cattle, horses, sheep and goats. Stock-rearing is the traditional occupation of the people. But areas with somewhat greater rainfall have proved very suitable for the cultivation of wheat. Large scale wheat farming is becoming more and more common Oats and barley are cultivated in poorer soils.

 Tundra 

Tundra

The polar low-lands are known as Tundra. The northern-most parts of Asia, Europe and North America. It includes northern Siberia, northern European Russia, northern Norway, Greenland, northern Canada and the Northern islands. 
The Canadians aptly call this part of their country as the ‘Barren Land’. For eight months a vear, the Tundra remain buried in ice. Rivers and the time people (the Eskimos) keep themselves inside their dome-shaped huts In May, the greenish gloomy night is followed by continuous day ligh .
For several months the sun goes round and round the horizon but does not sin below it, temperature begins to rise and ice begins to melt. Mosses, lichens an low berry-bearing bushes, that lay buried-under ice, quickly spring back to lift In a matter of days the ground gets covered with innumerable flowers of a colours.
 It seems as if spring has worked a miracle. The reindeer is the most useful animal of the Tundra. It supplies sever needs of the people. It draws their sledges and provides them with milk. Whc butchered, it supplies good meat. Its skin is made into garments and its bones ai made into implements.