smoking -cause of lung cancer (part 2)

Smoking 

Smoking is very harmful to human health. The smoke contains chemicals and gases. Dried tobacco leaves are used in cigarettes. The tobacco on burning produces a number of dangerous and toxic compounds

Tobacco smoke Cancer causing chemicals (carcinogens) Irritants that irritate air passages and air sacs in the lungs kill cells at the surface of air passages Causes smoker’s cough and lung cancer. 

Diseases produced by smoking

 Smoking can produce the following diseases:- 

Bronehitis

 Smoking can produce inflammation of the respiratory or air passages like trachea, bronchi and bronchioles. This disease is called bronchitis. The acute attack of the disease is sudden and short lived but in chronic bronchitis, the attack is more frequent and of a long spell. The air passage gets narrow which produces difficulty in breathing. 
The chronic bronchitis can be fatal also. The cigarette smoke damages the ciliated epithelium due to which the foreign particles instead of being trapped and eliminated can go to the lungs and produce infection etc. The mucus is also secreted in greater quantity which can block the air passages and leads to repeated and continuous coughing. 
This is called smoking cough. 

Lungs Cancer due to smoking

 Cigarette smoke has frequently been reported to have produced cancer of lungs. Asbestos dust can also produce cancer. Cancer is a very dangerous and fatal disease which results from the disordered and uncontrolled cell division. The tar of the cigarette smoke has been reported to be the cause of cancer production. This chemical can damage the cells of internal epithelium of lungs and air tubes. This can produce malignant tumor in the epithelium linning the air passages which can lead to thickening of their walls, ultimately blocking them.
 Small tumors can be destroyed by the white blood cells but when a tumor increase in its size it can spread by way of blood to other parts of the body. The early stages of cancer produces no symptoms, hence it goes on growing unnoticed till it has completely spread and at this stage it is no more curable and becomes fatal. Lung cancer is very painful and dangerous. Its intensity usually has a correlation with the quantity of tar inhaled which in turn is related with the frequency of smoking. 
It has been found that smoking for 25 years with 20 cigarettes a day can produce lung cancer in the smokers. When the lungs of regular smokers were examined and compared with the lungs of non-smokers of the same age , it was found that the smokers had developed lung cancer. Treatment of lung cancer The treatment of cancer consists of removing the cencerous parts the body or destroying it through irradiation.
 Bad effects of smoking The non-smokers are allergic to cigarette smoke as it produces irritation in their eyes and throats. The non-smoker, therefore, do not like the company of smokers. The non-smokers are also exposed to same risk as the smokers by living with them. 
The non-smokers can also develop cancer by continuously living in an environment polluted of cigarette smoke. 

Effect of smoking on breathing 

 Respiration

 "In respiration the organism get oxygen from the environment and transports it to their cells and the CO2 formed in their body is given out to their environment. This is called breathing." C In cellular respiration the organic compounds in living cells are oxidized with the help of enzymes. A large amount of energy is released which is utilized to make ATP molecules in mitochondria.
 ATP energy is used in carrying out various activities. In anaerobic respiration glucose is incompletely oxidized into alcohol or lactic acid. Less amount of energy is released in anaerobic respiration as to aerobic respiration. Also in this type molecular oxygen is not utilized.For aerobic respiration all plants require oxygen which is obtained from the air or water.
 Oxygen in plants reaches the mitochondria through stomata and lanticells. Carbon dioxide is eliminated from the plants through the same route. In small aquatic animals the exchange of gases occurs through diffusion from the body surface. In insects process is carried out by tracheal tube. 
Whereas in higher animals gills and lungs are used for respiration. In mammals (man) the respiratory system consists of lungs and associated organ which includes nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles and alveoli. 
For inspiration the air pressure in the lung decreases as a result of which the air is sucked into the lungs to equalize the air pressure in the lungs and the outside. Gaseous exchange takes place in the alveoli whose thin walls facilitate the exchange between the blood and the air. 
The oxygen is transported to various parts of the body in the blood as oxyhaemoglobin whereas carbon dioxide is transported from the tissues to the lungs in blood and is given out in the air in the alveoli. In expiration the volume of the chest box is decreased which puts pressure on the air in lungs which then moves out to equalize the pressure. The rateof breathing is regulated by the amount of carbon dioxide in blood. 
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