Solved Assignment# 2 aiou Code 1424 Spring 2021
The following questions are based on Unit – 5. Read the unit carefully and answer the questions/solve the exercises given below.
Q.1 Read about ‘Compare and Contrast’ on Pages 147-160. You should also have read about a brief comparison and contrast between aeroplane and helicopter given on page 151.
Now, keeping in mind the two Pakistani educational systems (public and private sectors), answer the following questions: (10+10=20)
a) How both of the systems are similar (provide a comparison between private and public educational systems)?
b) How both of the systems are different (provide a contrast between private and public educational systems)?
Ans:
Formal and Informal Writing
1-I really am sorry...... (I)
2- I am very grateful for .... (F)
3- Why don't we... (I)
4- 1 will not be able to attend the (F)
5- Give my love to ... (I)
6- I look forward to hearing from you ... (I)
7- Let me know as soon as possible ... (F)
8- Hello Tahir... (I)
9- Dear Ms Saleem ... (I)
10- How's life? (I)
11- Yours faithfully, (F)
12- I apologise for the inconvenience... (F)
13- We had a little bit of luck this time ... (F)
14- The conference will commence this week ... (F)
(b) Define 'expository' writing. How it is different than other types of essays?
Expository writing
Ans: Expository writing is used to convey factual information (as opposed to creative writing, such as fiction). It is the language of learning and understanding the world around us. If you've ever read an encyclopaedia entry, a how-to article on a website, or a chapter in a textbook, then you've encountered
examples of expository writing.
How it's different from others
1- Just the facts, Expository writing is informational, not creative writing
3- Use a logical flow when planning an expository essay, report, or article: introduction, body text, and
It's often easier to write the body of your article first, before composing the introduction or conclusion. ft Expository writing is everywhere in everyday life, not just academic settings, as it's present anytime there's information to be conveyed. It can take form in an academic paper, an article for a newspaper, a report for a business, or even book-length nonfiction. It explains, informs, and describes.
ft Just the facts, Expository writing is informational, not creative writing.
4- Anytime you write to describe or explain, you use expository writing.
5- Use a logical flow when planning an expository essay, report, or article: introduction, body text, and conclusion.
6- It's often easier to write the body of your article first, before composing the introduction or conclusion.
7- Expository writing is everywhere in everyday life, not just academic settings, as it's present anytime there'sinformation to be conveyed. It can take form in an academic paper, an article for a newspaper, a report for a business, or even book-length nonfiction. It explains, informs, and describes.
Q.2 Read about ‘Academic Reading’ on Page 183-185. Now briefly EXPLAIN the following phrases (in your own words) with appropriate examples: (10)
a) Non-academic reading b) Pre-reading
c) Skimming a text d) Reading strategies
e) Active reading
Ans. Non- academic reading
Non-academic reading is less formal and not necessarily intended for an educated audience, and its often more emotional or opinionated; examples of such include letters, blog posts, even fiction novels.
Pre-reading
Pre-reading is the process of skimming a text to locate key ideas before carefully reading a text (or a chapter of a text) from start to finish. Also called previewing or surveying. Pre-reading provides an overview that can increase reading speed and efficiency. Pre-reading typically involves looking at (and thinking about) titles, chapter introductions, summaries, headings, subheadings, study questions, and conclusions.
Skimming a text
Skimming is reading rapidly in order to get a general overview of the material. Scanning is reading rapidly in order to find specific facts. While skimming tells you what general information is within a section, scanning helps you locate a particular fact.
Reading strategies
Reading strategies is the broad term used to describe the planned and explicit actions that help readers translate print to meaning. Strategies that improve decoding and reading comprehension skills benefit every student, but are essential for beginning readers, struggling readers, and English Language Learners.
Active reading
Active reading simply means reading something with a determination to understand and evaluate it for its relevance to your needs. Simply reading and re-reading the material isn’t an effective way to understand and learn. Actively and critically engaging with the content can save you time.
Q.3: Read pages 31-34 carefully (the content is about formal and informal styles of writing) and decide what
types of writing style (formal/informal) is used in the following text and how?
It is a historic moment for the institution and for its administration as this international event is :
; going to be held for the first time in the history. Now the national anthem of the country is going to be ;
: presented. You arc all requested to please stand up in the honour the national anthem.
Ans: Its formal writing style because it has longer and complex in nature. The passage is in passive voice and use third person pronoun.
Q: 4 Read about ‘Implied Meaning and Making Inferences’ on Pages 217-228. Now briefly EXPLAIN the following terms (in your own words) with appropriate examples: (10)
a) Literal meaning b) Associated meaning
a) Literal meaning
The literal meaning is the most obvious or non-figurative sense of a word or words. Language that's not perceived as metaphorical, ironic, hyperbolic, or sarcastic. Contrast with figurative meaning or non-literal meaning. Noun: literalness. Gregory Currie has observed that the "literal meaning of 'literal meaning' is as vague as that of’hili’." But just as vagueness is no objection to the claim that there are hills, so it is no objection to the claim that there are literal meanings."
b) Associated meaning
As a noun, in employment, an associate is someone who is in a junior position. The noun associate can also mean a friend or someone you keep company with. And, as a verb, associate can also mean to keep company with like when you were associating with activists at the protest march. Most people would not term that welfare, which has become a loaded phrase associated with the state making a payment to individuals. Marsyas, as well as Midas and Silenus. are associated in legend with Dionysus and belong to the cycle of legends of Cybele. These are ecclesiastically of equal rank, though differentiated, according to their duties, as ministers who preach and administer the sacraments, and as elders who are associated with die ministers in the
Q.5 Go to Exercise 7 ‘a Merchant and his Servant’ on Page 235 and carefully READ the situations given in the story. Based on your reading of the text, answer the following two questions: (5+5)
a) Why did the servant want to escape the town?
b) What do you think might have happened to the servant in Samara?
The following questions are based on Unit – 8. Read the unit carefully and answer the questions/solve the exercises given below.
Ans:
|
The servant was frightened because he thought that death has come to take him and that he will die, so, he want to escape the town. b) What do you think might have happened to the servant in Samara? The servant was frightened because he thought that his time has come to leave this world and death is going to take him. The main idea of the story is that death is certain. No one can escape from it. God plans everything and there is a certain time and place for everything that happens. Even death will occur at a certain time and place. If it’s not your time you cannot die. But if your time has come, then you cannot run away from it. |
Q: 6 Read about ‘Denotation and Connotation’ on Pages 249-260. Now carefully READ the following terms and write down the possible connotative meanings of the following words:
Ans: (10)
|
Clever Adroit |
Leader Strong leadership |
Boss Owner |
Professor Teacher |
Sick illness |
|
Trickster Stage Magician |
Fox clever |
Eagle bird |
Beautician Artist |
Youth young |
Q.7 We have read in detail about ‘Denotation’ and ‘connotation’ in Unit 8. We have further studied that words carry ‘positive’ as well as ‘negative’ connotation. Similarly, there are words which also have some neutral meaning (neither negative nor positive).
Now analyze the following words and write down the possible connotative (whether positive, negative or neutral) meanings of the following words: (10)
a) Shy
Positive: Timid
Negative: Innocent
b) Sharp :
Positive: Clever
Negative: Lazy
c) Skilled
Positive:Plan
Negative:Non Plan
d) Mule
Positive: Donkey
Negative: Horse
e) Horse
Positive: Animal
Negative: Plant
f) Stubborn
Positive:Obstinate
Negative: Opponent
g) Camel
Positive:Animal
Negative: Plant
h) Eagle
Positive:Bird
Negative: High fly
i) Fox
Positive:Clever animal
Negative:
j) Nightingale
Positive:Old world
Negative: Stay home
Q.8 Which is your favourite English daily newspaper (out of Dawn, The News and The Nation) and why? Find out the last FOUR ‘Book Reviews’ given in your favourite newspaper and make a collection of them. Now answer the following questions:
a) What is interesting about these books? (10)
b) which out of these four books, you would like to read first and why? (10)
Ans:
a) What is interesting about these books?
These are in no particular order; just the order they pop into my brain. This is part of a series of books commissioned by a publisher, based on Shakespeare plays. The goal is to rewrite them, but set them in a contemporary context. Atwood tackled “The Tempest", and the idea was to make her primary character a
It theater director ousted by evil rivals (in the Shakespeare play, the character is a duke, ousted by rivals). The director takes refuge teaching drama at a prison (instead of on an island) and his Caliban is a prisoner. It's almost the perfect satire, and what is so interesting is the way she honors the assignment and makes it a witty theater director ousted by evil rivals (in the Shakespeare play, the character is a duke, ousted by rivals). The director takes refuge teaching drama at a prison (instead of on an island) and his Caliban is a prisoner. It's almost the perfect satire, and what is so interesting is the way she honors the assignment and makes it a witty novel in its own right. A nearly perfect novella. The Warmth of Other Suns by Isabel Wilkerson.
I knew, but didn't know, about the Great Migration of African Americans from the South to cities like New York, Chicago and Los Angeles. Wilkerson brings this to life so vividly you can hear, see and smell every scene. You travel with her characters; see their homes; sit beside them as they recount their life stories. If you care AT ALL about American history, you need to read this book. It is beyond interesting. The Meursault Investigation by Kamel Daoud. Maybe you’re one of those people who read The Stranger by Camus, in either English or French, in school. If so, this definitely qualifies as an interesting book. Camus told that story from the POV of the white, French character living in Algeria — someone just like him, and like the murderer. This author tells a different story. He’s writing after the fact, about both Camus and about a murder by a white, French character of an Algerian Arab — his brother. It’s turning the story on its head. It's a response Being
Mortal by Atul Gawande. Like it or not, we’re all going to die. Gawande forces
the reader to confront that, gently, and to think about what that really means,
and to contemplate what a “good death” might be. Maybe if you're in your 20s,
you're not ready for this, but by the time you’re 35 or so, your parents are
aging, and you probably should read this. It's uncomfortable, but it's
definitely one of the most fascinating, disconcerting books I’ve ever read.
1984, Fahrenheit 451 and The Handmaid's Tale: by Orwell, Bradbury and Atwood, respectively. Each of these are dystopian; each forces you to ponder some important questions about values. What is the nature of reality and what bonds will we never betray? What is truth? What are our fundamental rights? All three novels engage with these questions. Oh, and they are gripping and suspenseful.
An Officer and a Spy by Robert Harris: I read a lot of historical fiction, and this won the Walter Scott Prize as best historical novel the year it was publish. But it’s no bodice ripper. It’s the story of a French military officer, an ambitious man who is promoted the year that Alfred Dreyfus is banished to Devil’s Island for selling France's military secrets to the Germans. But the novel’s hero, assigned to run a secret espionage department, soon finds that there may be another spy at work — and that Dreyfus may not be guilty.
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