2nd Solved assignment 9408 aiou spring 2020
Q.l Read about “Compare and Contrast” on Pages 147-160. You should also have read about a brief comparison and contrast between aero plane and helicop....................
Now, Keeping in mind two Pakistani cities Karachi and Hyderabad. Answer the following question:a. How both of the cities are similar (provide a comparison between Karachi and Hyderabad)?
b. How both of the cities are different (provide a contrast between Karachi and Hyderabad)?
Each of the above answer should be in a paragraph shape and appropriate transition ..........................
Ans: a. Hyderabad and Karachi are both situated in the Sindh province of Pakistan. They are inherited of old Sindhi civilization and culture. Each city has multi nations populated.
Neither city has river. Neither Karachi nor Hyderabad has high mountains. Different languages are spoken in both cities. Both cities arranged cultural programmers' often. The climates of both cities are similar. Because both of the cities are neighbor so color, race, language and culture of the citizens almost same.
b. There are many Deffence in Karachi and Hyderabad city too. Karachi is a big city with almost over populated areas, when Hyderabad is a small city Karachi has almost every modem facility of life when people of some areas of Hyderabad are deprived of even basic facilities. Karachi comes under administration for law and order situation but Hyderabad’s backward area comes under “Wadaira System”. Life style by cost is somehow costly when Hyderabad’s life is almost 7% low costs than Karachi. Transportation in Karachi is really good. Local and international travel is easy going. When travelling in Hyderabad is little bit difficult.
The following questions are based on Unit — 6. Read the unit carefully and answer the questions solve the exercises given below.
Q.2 Read about “Academic Reading” on Pages 183-185. Now briefly EXPLAIN the following phrases (in your own words) with appropriate examples:
Academic readinga. Previewing
b. Predicting
c. Reading strategy
d. Scanning a text
Answer: Previewing:
Previewing mean is to see or inspect some text. And previewing a text mean
that we are going to find in a particular text or in other words it is a skill of learning about text.
Predicting:
Say or estimate a specified thing will happen is the future called predicting. A
prediction is a forecast but it not about weather only. It’s a statement about future and if it’s about reading then it’s mean to take an idea from a text that what will happen next.
Reading Strategy:
Reading strategy means what ones is planning about studies. How will
he prepare his passages and exams? Many techniques are available about reading strategies. It’s up to student what he adopts about it.
Scanning a text:
Scanning is reading a text quickly in order to find specific information, e.g. figures or names. It can be contrasted with skimming, which is reading quickly to get a general idea of meaning.
Q.3 Keeping in mind the pre-reading activities (predicting meaning) given in the unit (Unit 6), look at the picture given on Page 201 carefully and WRITE. Down a paragraph of about 150 words predicting and guessing about the background of the picture.
Answer: In this picture two soldiers are representing their country (Indo - Pak) at Lahore
Wagah Border. The longest line of soldiers of both sides of Pakistan and India are at the Wagah border crossing demonstrating power to each other with fast-paced marches and high kicks at both ends of the border to impress and scare the other side. It is a routine flag waving ceremony's picture. The flag-raising and landing ceremony was a routine border activity before the 1970s. Hundreds of people cheer with cheerleaders and smg their national songs in a show of pride. They also stage competitions m which they compete to demonstrate which voice of the party will be higher. The soldiers' dance-like power show lasts for about an hour and ends with the flag down and the handshake of two soldiers. Both soldiers are showing courage and bravery on behalf of their country and telling each other that we are alert and ready to defend our country.
Q.4 Read about “Implied Meaning and Making Inferences” on Pages 217-228. Now briefly EXPLAIN the following terms (in your own words) with appropriate examples:
a. Connotative meaning
b. Denotative meaning
Answrer: a. Connotative meaning means, the meaning of a word which is hidden or assumed
form a word. It is not exact meaning but the meaning which is understood from word.
A connotation is frequently described as either positive or negative, with regard to its pleasing or displeasing emotional connection. For example, a stubborn person may be described as being either strong-willed or pig-headed; although these have the same literal meaning (stubborn), strong-willed connotes admiration for the level of someone's will (a positive connotation), while pig-headed connotes frustration in dealing with someone (a negative connotation).
Examples:
Stench, smell, aroma, scent, odor
Strong, tough, sturdy, hard
Proud, confident, arrogant, egotistical
Childish, childlike, young, youthful
Rich, loaded, privileged, wealthy, affluent
Broke, poor, impoverished
Frugal, economical, stingy, cheap
Tempting, attractive, interesting
Liar, storyteller, fibber
Independent ,fnendly, private,Standoffish
b. Denotation is a translation of a sign to its meaning, precisely to its literal meaning, more or less like dictionaries try to define it. Denotation is sometimes contrasted to connotation, which includes associated meanings. The denotational meaning of a word is perceived through visible concepts, whereas connotational meaning evokes sensible attitudes towards the phenomena.
For example, denotation of the word “blue” is the color blue, but its connotation is “sad”—read the following sentence:
The blueberry is very blue.
We understand this sentence by its denotative meaning—it describes the literal color of the fruit. Tn contrast, read the next sentence:
Susie is very blue.
If we understand this second sentence by its denotative meaning, it would mean that Susie is literally the color blue.However, we understand this sentence by its connotative meaning, which is that Susie is sad.
Q.5 Go to Exercise 7 a “Merchant and his Servant” on Page 235 and carefully READ the situation given in the story. Based on your reading of the text, answer the following two questions:
a. Why was the servant frightened?
b. What is the main idea of the story?
Answer: a. He was frightened to met with death in market place and she was looking for
lat she has her appoints his master and told him that she has her appointment with his master in Samara.
b. The mam idea of this story islthat the death is an eternal truth. Everyone has to met with
her on decided time and place and this appoint made on the time of one’s birth. No one can deny it.
Q.6 Read about “Denotation and Connotation” on Pages 249-260. Now carefully READ the following terms and distinguish between the two given in each pair:
a. Negative vs. positive meaning
b. Literal vs. associative meaning
c. Dictionary vs. thesaurus
Answer: a. Connotation is an idea or felling that a word evokes. If something has a
positive connotation, it will evoke warm feelings. Meanwhile, something with a negative connotation will make someone feel less than pleasant.
Examples:
Positive: My new neighbor is mature woman.
Negative: My new neighbor is an elderly woman.
Positive: Yesterday’s workout was challenge.
Negative: Yesterday’s workout was very difficult.
Positive: That child is more thai
Negative: That child is more than a little hyperactn
b. Literal or conceptual meaning covers these basic, essential component ot meanmg which conveyed by literal use of word for example needle, thin, sharp, steel, instrument when “Associative Meaning” is an idea, Connection what specific word brings to you for example needle pain, doctor, illness etc.
c. A Dictionary is a book containing the individual words of language along with their meaning, definitions and description of usage when a thesaurus, on the other
hand, a specific dictionary that presents synonyms (words with similar meanings). A dictionary gives the definition of word when a thesaurus gives a choice of words.
Q.7 You have read in detail about “Denotation” and “Connotation” in Unit 8. Now, analyze the following words and write down the possible connotative meaning of the following words:
Smart Home Sharp Political Loin Fox Donkey Rose Soldier Lazy
Answer:
Words Connotative Meanings
Smart Intelligent
Home A place where feel welcome
Sharp Active
Political Opportunities
Lion brave
Fox clever
Donkey stupid
Rose Beautiful
Soldier Service man
Lazy Comfort liking
The following questions are based on Unit - 8. Read the unit carefully and answer the
Q.8 Which is your favourite English daily newspaper (out of Dawn, The News and the Nation) and why? Find out the last Four Sunday editions of your favourite newspaper and make a collection of “Language Puzzles” (also known “Word Games”) given in them. Now answer the following questions:
a. What is interesting about these language puzzles (word games)?
b. How do they work towards learning new vocabulary?
Answer: a. These puzzles are created for public interest. It arise curiosity of reader.
Different types of puzzle. Cross words, match words, words completion, raise reader’s interest. Sometimes it about current issues but most of the time these puzzles about language grammar and riddle. It is useful for language improving. It also evokes the general knowledge.
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