Write notes on Academic reading,Skimming,Reading techniques,Guessing meaning,Previewing and predicting

Write notes on Academic reading,Skimming,Reading techniques,Guessing meaning,Previewing and predicting

a-Academic Reading 
Reading is an active process of constructing meanings of words. Reading with a purpose
helps the reader to direct information towards a goal and focuses their attention. Although
the reasons for reading may vary, the primary purpose of reading is to understand the text.
Reading is a thinking process. It allows the reader to use what he or she may already know,
also called prior knowledge. During this processing of information, the reader uses strategies
to understand what they are reading, uses themes to organize ideas, and uses textual clues to
find the meanings of new words. Each of the three components of reading is equally important.
Let's take a look at the components
Reading is defined as a cognitive process that involves decoding symbols to arrive at meaning.
examples of comprehension skills that can be taught and applied to all reading is
equally important.lets take a look at the components.
Guessing meaning
• Summarizing.
• Sequencing.
• Inferencing.
• Comparing and contrasting.
• Drawing conclusions.
• Self-questioning.
• Problem-solving.
• Relating background knowledge.

b. Skimming

Skimming is reading a text quickly to get a general idea of meaning. It can be contrasted with scanning, which is reading in order to find specific information, e.g. figures or names.
Example
A learner taking a reading exam decides to approach text by looking at the title, introductions, and any diagrams and sub-headings, then skim reading to get a clear general idea or what the text is about.

Skimming is a specific reading skill which is common in reading newspapers, messages and e-mails. It is important that learners understand that there is no need to read every word when skimming, soc-

c-Reading techniques

Reading is a method of communication that enables a person to turn writing into meaning.
It allows the reader to convert a written text into a meaningful language with independence,
comprehension, and fluency, and to interact with the message.
Reading is written or printed material that can be looked at and understood
Example:
An example of reading is books or magazines
Reading Techniques or Styles are the following:
1-scanning.
2. Skimming.
3. Active Reading.
4. Detailed.
5-speed
6-Preposition,structure,evaluation
Survey-Question-Read-Recite-Review.  

d- Guessing meaning

Although the skill of guessing word meanings from context is widely acknowledged as
a useful skill there has been little research in this area and very little useful guidance for teachers or learners. This article describes a strategy for guessing meanings from context and suggests ways of practising this strategy.
The strategy involves four steps:
1- determining the part of speech of the word;
2- looking at the immediate grammar;
3- studying the wider context (usually the conjunction relationships);
4-guessing the word and checking the guess.
A basic list of conjunction relationships is given in the Appendix. The previous research, and value
and application of the skill are discussed and suggestions are made for future studies.

e-Previewing and predicting

Previewing: Reviewing titles,heading and photo captions to get a sense of the structure and content of  reading selection.
Predicting: using knowledge of the subject matter predictions about the content.