General Science BA Autumn 2021 Code:1431 aiou
Solved Assignment #2
Question no 1. Write down the searching procedure for a specific topic related to your course on internet using World Wide Web.
Answer.
A search engine is a website that collects and organizes information on the internet and makes it available for searching. Search engines use algorithms to display the most relevant search results based on trends, your location, and sometimes even your web activity. Many search engines have their own mobile apps that make searching easier on your phone or tablet. Check out some of the most popular search engines:
Google is the most popular search engine in the world.[I] It's so popular that the word "Googling" is often used in place of "searching the web." Google also has special image and video search features that make it easy to find all sorts of media.
Bing is Microsoft's answer to Google, and the second most popular search engine. Many of Google's functions, like image and video searching, are also available on Bing.
Yahoo used to be the largest search engine in the world. These days, it's powered by Bing and delivers similar results.
Duck DuckGo is a privacy-focused search engine that doesn't collect or store your personal information. In fact, this search engine is so privacy-focused that it doesn't even look at your location or IP address.
Startpage.com is another search engine focused on privacy, but it uses Google's search engine in the background instead of its own program.[3] The benefit is that you'll get Google's excellent quality results without sacrificing your personal data.
Swisscows is another privacy-focused search engine, but it uses its own software that gives relevant results influence by semantics.
Yandex is one of the most popular search engines in Russia, but the English version has gained traction in other countries, including the United States.
titled Search the Internet Step 2
Type what you're looking for into the search bar. You'll find the search bar at the top of most search engines. You can enter a single word, a sentence, a phrase, some numbers, or anything else you wish.
If you're searching for a multi-word phrase, surround it in quotation marks so the search engine knows
to keep those words together. For example, "natural perfumers", "Trader Joe's dried mangos".
Sometimes it's helpful to phrase your search like a question, such as .
What is Cardi B's real name?, What was James Baldwin's last book?, or Is there a vegan Chinese restaurant in Portland?
titled Search the Internet Step 3
Press the Enter or Return key to run your search. This displays your search results in a list. If you're using a smartphone or tablet, you may have to tap Search or Go instead. If you have a KaiOS-based phone, press the center button to run your search.
titled Search the Internet Step 4
Click or tap a result to view it. If you've found a website that looks like what you want, click or tap it to open in your browser. To go back to the search results, click or tap your browser's back button.
The results display differently depending on what you're looking for. For example, if you searched for the word "weather" in Google or Bing, you'll see a weather chart with the local conditions at the top of your results. If you scroll down a little, you'll probably see some news articles about the weather, as well as links to popular weather websites. If you search for an address or location, you'll usually see a map and/or information about the business or landmark.
If you scroll down through the first page and don't find what you're looking for, click or tap the next page number or Next at the bottom to view the next set of results.
The best results are often on the first page, but sometimes you'll need to dig a little deeper to find that magic result
titled Search the Internet Step 5
Rephrase your query for better results. If you're not finding the right information, you might need to use different words in your search. It's also possible that what you're searching for is too specific or too broad.
For example, if you searched for most popular search engines and were hoping to see Canada-specific results, try most popular search engine in Canada or most popular search engine in Canada 2020 instead.
titled Search the Internet Step 6
Filter your results by date. The majority of search engines have some handy (but easy to miss) tools near the top of the results pages, including the ability to only show results from a certain time period. Click the Any time menu at the top of the search results page (or click the filter icon in Yandex) to choose a date range, such as Past 24 hours or Past year.
If you're using Google and don't see the Any time menu, click the Tools tab at the top first. You can also use dates in your search queries, such as Billboard July 2010 charts,
titled Search the Internet Step 7
Filter your results by type. In general, doing a regular internet search displays a list of web links that match what you've typed. But what if you just want to see photos, videos, or news articles instead? Fortunately, you can click Images, Videos, News, and sometimes other categories at the top of every search engine's results page to filter your results.
Google and Bing both have a bunch of other options, including Maps and Shopping.
Most search engines have great photo search pages that let you specify things like photo size and colors. Use the menus at the top of the search results page to get the best results.
titled Search the Internet Step 8
Use special search engine operators. Operators are special words and symbols you can include in your searches so they’ll return more relevant results. Many operators work for all search engines, but some occasionally vary from the standard.
If you're searching for a set of words, such as a song lyric or a sentence that appeared verbatim in a news article, put quotes (") around the query. "I woke up like this", "Definitions belong to the definers, not the defined".
If there's a certain word messing up your results (for example, if you're trying to find information on cardinals but are only seeing results for the St. Louis Cardinals), type a minus sign (-) in front of the word or phrase you want to omit. In this example, you might type cardinals -"St. Louis".
You can use the word "AND" (or the & symbol) to ensure that two different words or phrases both appear in the same result. For example, coronavirus AND "swine flu". You can also use "NOT" to make sure results don't include a certain word (e.g., coronavirus NOT
"swine flu").[5] They can even be used together, as well as multiple times per query. Make sure "AND" and "NOT" are capitalized, as most search engines will ignore them otherwise.
Q.2 Compare features of Window (Operating System) OS on your computer with other OS (use Internet).
Answer.
The operating system is the important bridge between the machine and the person using it. The two most popular operating systems for computers are OS X and Windows. The main difference between Windows and OS X is the computer you can use it with. OS X is exclusively for Apple computers, commonly known as Macs, while Windows is basically for any personal computer from any company. As a result of direct competition between manufacturers, computers that run Windows can be purchased at a significantly lower cost compared to Macs that run OS X. You can also purchase Windows separately if you want to build your own custom computer. OS X is only available with the purchase of a new Mac.
When it comes to usage, the two are very similar with a couple of exceptions. The first issue is the number of available software packages that you can install on either operating system. As Windows has a stranglehold on roughly 90 per cent of the personal computer market, it makes more fiscal sense to make programs towards that platform. As a result, there are more applications for the Windows platform compared to the OS X. The most blatant example of this is in the computer gaming industry where major games are rarely, if ever, ported to the OS X platform.
On the other side of the coin is malware.
With this too, Windows has a lot more to deal with. Of course, if you are going to write a vims or a Trojan, you would probably target a more established operating system in order to maximize its spread. What many people incorrectly think is that OS X is impervious to malware like viruses and Trojans. This is just not true as there are already a few examples of malware for the OS X. It’s just not worth the time for programmers to study OS X and exploit its weaknesses because there are relatively very few OS X users. In the end, the choice between Windows and OS X is down to whether you want an Apple computer or not. If you only do routine stuff on your computer and it’s within your budget, an OS X running Mac can be a reasonable purchase as you do not have to worry as much about malware. For the rest of the world, however, Windows seems to be the logical option.
Types of Operating System (OS)
Following are the popular types of OS (Operating System): Batch Operating System
Multitasking/Time Sharing OS
Multiprocessing OS
Real Time OS
Distributed OS
Network OS
Mobile OS
Batch Operating System
Some computer processes are very lengthy and time-consuming. To speed the same process, a job with a similar type of needs are batched together and run as a group. The user of a batch operating system never directly interacts with the computer. In this type of OS, every user prepares his or her job on an offline device like a punch card and submit it to the computer operator.
Multi-Tasking/Time-sharing Operating systems
Time-sharing operating system enables people located at a different terminal shell) to use a single computer system at the same time. The processor time (CPU) which is shared among multiple users is termed as time sharing. Real time OS
A real time operating system time interval to process and respond to inputs is veiy small. Examples: Military Software Systems, Space Software Systems are the Real time OS example.
Distributed Operating System
Distributed systems use many processors located in different machines to provide very fast computation to its users.
Network Operating System
Network Operating System runs on a server. It provides the capability to serve to manage data, user, groups, security, application, and other networking functions.
Mobile OS
Mobile operating systems are those OS which is especially that are designed to power smartphones, tablets, and wearables devices.
Some most famous mobile operating systems are Android and iOS, but others include BlackBerry, Web, and watch.
Functions of Operating System
In an operating system software performs each of the function:
Process management:- Process management helps OS to create and delete processes. It also provides mechanisms for synchronization and communication among processes.
Memory management:- Memory management module performs the task of allocation and de-allocation of memory space to programs in need of this resources.
File management:- It manages all the file-related activities such as organization storage, retrieval, naming, sharing, and protection of files.
Device Management: Device management keeps tracks of all devices. This module also responsible for this task is known as the I/O controller. It also performs the task of allocation and de-allocation of the devices.
I/O System Management: One of the main objects of any OS is to hide the peculiarities of that hardware devices from the user.
Secondary-Storage Management: Systems have several levels of storage which includes primary storage, secondary storage, and cache storage. Instructions and data must be stored in primary storage or cache so that a running program can reference it.
Security:- Security module protects the data and information of a computer system against malware threat and authorized access.
Command interpretation: This module is interpreting commands given by the and acting system resources to process that commands.
Networking: A distributed system is a group of processors which do not share memory, hardware devices, or a clock. The processors communicate with one another through the network.
Job accounting: Keeping track of time & resource used by various job and users. Communication management: Coordination and assignment of compilers, interpreters, and another software resource of the various users of the computer systems.
Q3 Why High Level Language are easier to use? Explain your answer with the help of proper examples
Answer.
high-level language is a programming language designed to simplify computer programming. It is "high-level" since it is several steps removed from the actual code run on a computer's
processor. High-level source code contains easy-to-read syntax that is later converted into a low-level language, which can be recognized and run by a specific CPU.
Most common programming languages are considered high-level languages. Examples include:
C++
C#
Cobol
Fortran
Java
JavaScript
Objective C
Pascal
Perl
PHP
Python
Swift
Each of these languages use different syntax. Some are designed for writing desktop software programs, while others are best-suited for web development. But they all are considered high-level since they must be processed by a compiler or interpreter before the code is executed. Source code written in languages like C++ and C# must be compiled into machine code in order to run. The compilation process converts the human-readble syntax of the high-level language into low-level code for a specific processor. Source code written in scripting languages like Perl and PHP can be run through an interpreter, which converts the high-level code into a low-level language on-the-fly.
Programmers find machine code difficult to learn, program in and debug. As a result, the majority of programmers write programs in high-level programming languages. These languages are close to natural language - the spoken and written language of humans. For example, Python uses 'print', ‘if, 'input' and 'while' statements - all words from the English language - to form instructions. In fact, instructions often look like abbreviated English sentences.
Compare this simple Python program with its comments that are written in English:
while count < 10:
#While the value of count is less than ten
number = int(input("Type in a number")) //Input a number
total = total + number
//Add the number to the total
count = count + 1
//Add one to tire value of count
printt 'The total is ", total)
//Print out the total
Programmers write in high-level languages because they are easier to understand and are less complex than machine code. They allow the programmer to focus on what needs to be done, rather than on how the computer actually works.
For example, in many high-level languages, to place a message on the screen, a programmer would use the statement ’print’. The programmer might not know how the computer actually generates the message. They just need to know how to use the 'print' statement.
Commonly used high-level languages
Many types of high-level language exist and are in common use today, including:
Python
Java
C++
c#
Visual Basic
JavaScript
Source code
Source code is the term given to a set of instructions that are written in human readable programming language. Source code must be translated into machine code before a computer can understand and execute it.
Q4 What is programming language? How computer program is related with a programming language? Explain your answer with the help of suitable examples (20)
Answer.
A programming language is a computer language programmers use to develop software programs, scripts, or other sets of instructions for computers to execute.
Although many languages share similarities, each has its own syntax. Once a programmer learns the languages rules, syntax, and structure, they write the source code in a text editor or IDE. Then, the programmer often compiles the code into machine language that can be understood by the computer. Scripting languages, which do not require a compiler, use an interpreter to execute the script.
Types of programming languages
Each of the different programming languages mentioned in the next section can be broken into one or more of the following types (paradigms) of languages.
High-level (most common) / low-level
Declarative / imperative / procedural
General-purpose I domain-specific
Object-oriented / concurrent
Command I Compiled / Script language
Answer set
Application and program development
Application and program development involves programs you work with on a daily basis. For example, the Internet browser you are using to view this web page is considered a program. If you are interested in developing a program, consider the following languages:
C
c#
C++
D
Java
Swift
Tel
Visual Basic
A programming language is a vocabulary and set of grammatical rules for instructing a computer or computing device to perform specific tasks. The term programming language usually refers to high-level languages, such as BASIC, C, C++, COBOL, Java, FORTRAN, Ada, and Pascal.
Each programming language has a unique set of keywords (words that it understands) and a special syntax for organizing program instructions.
HIGH-LEVEL PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES
High-level programming languages, while simple compared to human languages, are more complex than the languages the computer actually understands, called machine languages. Each different type of CPU has its own unique machine language.
Lying between machine languages and high-level languages are languages called assembly languages. Assembly languages are similar to machine languages, but they are much easier to program in because they allow a programmer to substitute names for numbers. Machine languages consist of numbers only.
Lying above high-level languages are languages called fourth-generation languages (usually abbreviated 4GL). 4GLs are far removed from machine languages and represent the class of computer languages closest to human languages.
ocnieuting the Program
Documenting is an ongoing, necessary process, although, as many programmers are, you may be eager to pursue more exciting computer-centered activities. Documentation is a written detailed description of the programming cycle and specific facts about the program. Typical program documentation materials include the origin and nature of the problem, a brief narrative description of the program, logic tools such as flowcharts and pseudocode, data-record descriptions, program listings, and testing results. Comments in the program itself are also considered an essential part of documentation. Many programmers document as they code. In a broader sense, program documentation can be part of the documentation for an entire system. The wise programmer continues to document the program throughout its design, development, and testing. Documentation is needed to supplement human memory and to help organize program planning. Also, documentation is critical to communicate with others who have an interest in the program, especially other programmers who may be part of a programming team. And, since turnover is high in the computer industry, written documentation is needed so that those who come after you can make any necessary modifications in the program or track down any errors that you missed.
Programming as a Career
There is a shortage of qualified personnel in the computer field. Before you join their ranks, consider the advantages of the computer field and what it takes to succeed in it.
The Joys of the Field
Although many people make career changes into the computer field, few choose to leave it. In fact, surveys of computer professionals, especially programmers, consistently report a high level of job satisfaction. There are several reasons for this contentment. One is the challenge-most jobs in the computer industry are not routine. Another is security, since established computer professionals can usually find work. And that work pays well-you will probably not be rich, but you should be comfortable. The computer industry has historically been a rewarding place for women and minorities. And, finally, the industry holds endless fascination since it is always changing.
Benefits
Fourth-generation languages are beneficial because
They are results-oriented; they emphasize what instead of how.
They improve productivity because programs are easy to write and change.
They can be used with a minimum of training by both programmers and nonprogrammers.
They shield users from needing an awareness of hardware and program structure.
An interesting side note is that the availability of C on personal computers has greatly enhanced the value of personal computers for budding software entrepreneurs. A cottage software industry can use the same basic tool-the language C-used by established software companies such as Microsoft and Borland. Today C is has been replaced by its enhanced cousin, C++. C++ in turn is being challenged by web-aware languages like Java and Javascript, that look and act a lot like C++, but add features to support working with networked computers, among other things
Q5 Develop your CV in Microsoft Word and Show it to your teacher.
Answer.
Teacher CV sample
Here is an example to use as inspiration when writing your own teacher CV:
Personal Statement
Effective and impactful teacher with a commitment to special education, early childhood education and improving these experiences for children. Extensive involvement in curating new curriculums for college-level courses, along with a passion for helping students grow and develop each semester. Consistently voted Top Teacher because of my passion for helping students develop and learn.
Education
Master of Education | 4.0 GPA | 2013
Northern University
Dissertation: “A Case Study of Self-Concepts of Functionally Gifted Students”
Bachelor of Arts in Early Childhood Education | 3.9 GPA|2019
Northern University
Thesis: “Childhood Educational Constructs”
Special Education Certification, K.-12
Work Experience
Assistant Professor, Education Department) 2016-present
Tampa University | Tampa. Florida
Specialize in the courses "Cases in Special Education," and "Early Childhood Education"
Created new curriculum for " Roles in Modem Education Course" and more.
Assist with on boarding new assistant professors
Manage department’s administrative calendar along with teaching requirements
Special Education Teacher
Taught special education classes for second grade through fifth grade.
Devised weekly feedback loop for parents
Created system for student enrichment Skills Calendar software- Calendarwell Project Management and tasking software- Management tasker
Knowledge of United Stated East Coast Testing Standards and regulations and Teaching Credential
Publications
Awards
Students' Pick Top Teacher 2016/2018/2019, Tampa, Florida
Teacher of the Year 2015, Tampa, Florida
Professional Memberships
Tampa Teachers Association
Professional Teachers of Florida
Personal interests
I volunteer at the local Boys and Girls Club in my free time. I have started to teach some of the children piano and it has been a joy to bring my love of music to the Club. 1 also spend time at my former school to visit with some of the special education classes and volunteer with projects if need be.
A CV can be required when applying for a teaching, academic or research role. It is often a longer and more detailed document than a resume. CVs might include more information on your educational coursework, abilities as a teacher or researcher and a more detailed academic history. A CV for a teacher can be three pages or more, depending on your experience and skill set. The length can enable a recruiter or hiring manager to get a more in- depth look at your skills and abilities and see how you might fit into an open role.
How to write a CV for teaching
A CV can be an important pail of the application process for a teacher. These documents can help teachers explain their educational background more thoroughly and highlight their other accomplishments. Here are several steps to create an effective CV for a teaching position:
1. Write an impactful personal statement
Your personal statement can be a few short impactful sentences about who you are and why you might be a good fit for the role. This section also usually includes mentioning any skills or relevant achievements that directly relate to the open teaching role. The hiring committee or recruiter might look at this section first for an overview of your skill set, so consider explaining your qualifications in a direct but brief way.
Your education is one of the key details on your teacher CV. Some teaching jobs might require a certain level of education or type of degree for the role. In this section, you can highlight any relevant degrees and certifications you hold. You might also include workshops, special courses or academic conferences you have attended.
Use the chronological format if you have several years of teaching experience and no significant gaps in your work history. You may opt for a chronological resume if the job posting requests "highly experienced" applicants.
Here's a quick guide to putting together a chronological resume format for teachers:
In the Work History section, start with your most recent position and work backward.
Use bullets to emphasize roles, accomplishments, awards and recognitions for each position. These might include:
Certifications
Licenses
Leadership roles and training you received
Include the institution you worked for, the time span, and a few key accomplishments.
In the Skills section, briefly list your basic educator skills. Also focus on incorporating the key skills listed in the job ad. You’ll emphasize all of these skills in the bullets under your Work History.
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